纤维素酶,作为专门作用于纤维素基材的环境合适的催化剂,对于木质纤维素的工业转化和纤维素产品的改性具有重要意义。经过几十年的研究,对纤维素酶介导的纤维素水解的基本理解是,它具有连续作用的能力是天然结晶纤维素完全酶促水解的关键。已知两种类型的进行性纤维素酶:外切葡聚糖酶和进行性内切葡聚糖酶。外切葡聚糖酶是典型的进行性酶,并且已经对它们进行了详细的研究,以便它们的作用方式和机制得到合理的表征。相反,由于非普遍性和结构多样性,内切葡聚糖酶的特征较差。然而,进行性内切葡聚糖酶具有外切葡聚糖酶缺乏的某些特性,例如水解产物的多样性和独立水解天然结晶纤维素。因此,除了纤维素转化为单糖,它们可能用于纤维基材的改性和纤维素寡糖的制备。在这里,我们详细回顾了消息来源,水解产物,应用程序,以及进行性内切葡聚糖酶可能的水解机制。
Cellulases, as environmentally appropriate catalysts specifically acting on cellulosic substrates, are important for the industrial conversion of lignocellulose and modification of cellulose products. After decades of research, a fundamental understanding of cellulase-mediated hydrolysis of cellulose is that its ability to processively act as a key for the complete enzymatic hydrolysis of natural crystalline cellulose. Two types of processive cellulases are known: exoglucanases and processive endoglucanases. Exoglucanases are typical processive enzymes, and they have been studied in detail so that their modes of action and mechanisms are reasonably well characterized. Conversely, endoglucanases are less well characterized because of the non-universality and structural diversity. However, processive endoglucanases have certain characteristics that exoglucanases lack such as hydrolysis product diversity and independent hydrolyze natural crystalline cellulose. Therefore, besides the conversion of cellulose to monosaccharide, they might be useful for modification of fibrous substrates and preparation of cellulose oligosaccharides. Herein, we review in detail the sources, hydrolysis products, application, and possible hydrolysis mechanisms of processive endoglucanases.