怀孕期间充足的水摄入和最佳的水合状态对母婴健康至关重要。然而,我国对孕妇水分摄入的研究非常有限。本研究主要旨在观察孕妇及其不同来源的每日总饮水量(TWI),并探讨其饮水量与水合生物标志物之间的关系。从2020年10月至11月,招募了妊娠中期孕妇的便利样本(n=21)。在接近日常生活的条件下,他们进行了为期3天的代谢试验.每位参与者都获得了足够的瓶装水,测量他们每次喝的东西的重量。使用称重和重复份数方法的组合来测量其他饮料和食物的摄入量。收集空腹静脉血和24小时尿样,并分析水合生物标志物,包括血清/尿液渗透压,尿液pH值,尿液比重,以及尿液和血清中主要电解质的浓度。结果表明,平均每日TWI为3151mL,其中饮料和食品中的水分别占60.1%和39.9%,分别。平均总液体摄入量(TFI)为1970毫升,平原水是主要贡献者(68.7%,r=0.896)。在参与者中,66.7%(n=14,第1组)符合中国营养学会的TWI建议。进一步的分析表明,TFI,来自饮料和食物的水,平原水,第1组的牛奶和牛奶衍生物(MMD)明显高于未达到足够摄入量的那些(第2组)(p<0.05)。水合生物标志物的结果显示,第1组的平均24h尿量明显高于第2组(p<0.05)。而24小时尿渗透压,钠,镁,磷,氯化物,第1组肌酐浓度显著低于第2组(p<0.05)。然而,在血清生物标志物方面没有观察到显著差异.偏相关分析显示,TWI与24h尿量呈中度正相关(r=0.675),与尿渗透压呈负相关,钠,钾,镁,钙,磷,和氯化物浓度(r=从-0.505到-0.769),但与血清生物标志物无显著相关性。因此,在自由生活条件下,每天增加普通水和MMD的摄入量有利于孕妇保持最佳的水合作用。与血清生物标志物相比,尿液中的水合生物标志物是更准确的水摄入量指标,并表现出更高的敏感性。这些研究结果为建立我国孕妇适宜的水分摄入和水合状态提供了科学依据。
Adequate water intake and optimal hydration status during pregnancy are crucial for maternal and infant health. However, research on water intake by pregnant women in China is very limited. This study mainly aimed to observe the daily total water intake (TWI) of pregnant women and its different sources and to investigate the relationship between their water intake and hydration biomarkers. From October to November 2020, a convenience sample of pregnant women in the second trimester (n = 21) was recruited. Under conditions close to daily life, they undertook a 3-day metabolic trial. Each participant was provided with sufficient bottled water, and the weight of what they drank each time was measured. The intake of other beverages and foods was measured using a combination of weighing and duplicate portion method. Fasting venous blood and 24 h urine samples were collected and analyzed for the hydration biomarkers, including the serum/urine osmolality, urine pH, urine specific gravity, and the concentrations of major electrolytes in urine and serum. The results showed that the mean daily TWI was 3151 mL, of which water from beverages and foods accounted for 60.1% and 39.9%, respectively. The mean total fluid intake (TFI) was 1970 mL, with plain water being the primary contributor (68.7%, r = 0.896). Among the participants, 66.7% (n = 14, Group 1) met the TWI recommendation set by the Chinese Nutrition Society. Further analysis revealed that the TFI, water from beverages and foods, plain water, and milk and milk derivatives (MMDs) were significantly higher in Group 1 than those who did not reach the adequate intake value (Group 2) (p < 0.05). The results of hydration biomarkers showed that the mean 24 h urine volume in Group 1 was significantly higher than that in Group 2 (p < 0.05), while the 24 h urine osmolality, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, chloride, and creatinine concentrations in Group 1 were significantly lower than those in Group 2 (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in serum biomarkers. Partial correlation analysis showed that TWI was moderately positively correlated with 24 h urine volume (r = 0.675) and negatively correlated with urine osmolality, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, and chloride concentrations (r = from-0.505 to -0.769), but it was not significantly correlated with serum biomarkers. Therefore, under free-living conditions, increasing the daily intake of plain water and MMDs is beneficial for pregnant women to maintain optimal hydration. The hydration biomarkers in urine are more accurate indicators of water intake and exhibit greater sensitivity compared to serum biomarkers. These findings provide a scientific basis for establishing appropriate water intake and hydration status for pregnant women in China.