城市地区提供持续和可预测的人为加工食品供应。麻雀屋(PasserdomesticusLinnaeus,1758),正在下降的城市生物指示物种,最近有报道称氧化应激水平很高,以城市饮食或污染物为潜在原因。在这项研究中,我们旨在通过实验确定两种城市营养资源类型(酒吧小吃食品剩菜和宠物食品)对麻雀身体状况的影响,血浆生化营养参数,和圈养时的血液氧化状态。为了排除城市污染物的潜在先前影响,从西班牙东南部的一个农村地区捕获了75只麻雀,并将其保存在室外鸟舍中。个人接受了三种饮食治疗之一:控制饮食(水果,蔬菜,家禽谷物混合物),酒吧小吃饮食(超加工小吃),或猫粮饮食(干颗粒)20天。采集饮食治疗前后的血样,分析12个变量的相对变化率,包括身体状况,营养状况,和氧化剂-抗氧化剂状态。进行了主成分分析,以确定变量共变的梯度,和广义线性混合模型用于确定饮食对每个选择的PC和对原始变量的影响。酒吧小吃饮食导致贫血和营养不良的迹象,女性往往会失去身体状况。猫粮饮食增加了氧化应激指标和蛋白质分解代谢。城市饮食不平衡会影响麻雀的身体状况和营养生理,尽管没有环境污染,也可能引起氧化应激。
Urban areas provide a constant and predictable supply of anthropogenic processed food. The House Sparrow (Passer domesticus Linnaeus, 1758), a declining urban bioindicator species, has recently been reported to have a high level of oxidative stress, with urban diet or pollutants proposed as the potential cause. In this study, we aimed to experimentally determine the effects of two urban trophic resource types (bar snack food leftovers and pet food) on sparrows\' physical condition, plasma biochemical nutritional parameters, and blood oxidative status in captivity. To exclude the potential previous effect of urban pollutants, 75 House Sparrows were captured from a rural area in SE Spain and kept in outdoor aviaries. Individuals were exposed to one of three diet treatments: control diet (fruit, vegetables, poultry grain mixture), bar snack diet (ultra-processed snacks), or cat food diet (dry pellets) for 20 days. Blood samples were collected before and after diet treatments to analyze the relative change rates of 12 variables, including physical condition, nutritional status, and oxidant-antioxidant status. A principal component analysis was run to identify gradients of variables covariation, and Generalized Linear Mixed Models were used to determine the effect of diets on each selected PC and on raw variables. The bar snack diet led to signs of anemia and malnutrition, and females tended to lose body condition. The cat food diet increased oxidative stress indicators and protein catabolism. Unbalanced urban diets can affect the body condition and nutritional physiology of House Sparrows and may also induce oxidative stress despite the absence of environmental pollution.