虽然沟这个术语已经有将近四个世纪的历史了,它的正式,精确,一致,建设性的,实际上缺乏定量定义。由于脑沟(和回)在皮质解剖学中至关重要,反过来,是神经教育和神经图像处理的核心,需要一个新的沟定义。这项工作的贡献有三方面,即(1)提出一个新的,基于形态学的术语沟的定义(以及因此的回),(2)制定构造计算沟的方法,(3)提供了一种新的方式来表达沟。此处定义的沟是皮层上的一个体积区域,位于相邻的回之间,在其回白质峰线的水平与它们分开。因此,沟内表面由其相邻回的回回白质的波峰线划定。相应地,回回被定义为在皮质膜上的体积区域,该体积区域在其回白质峰线的水平处与其相邻的沟分开。这个容积沟的定义在概念上很简单,基于解剖学,教育友好,定量,和建设性的。将沟视为体积对象是与其他作品的主要区别。根据介绍的沟定义,提出了一种容积沟构造方法,概念上直截了当,steps,即,沟交叉形成,然后传播,每个沟段都要重复这些步骤。通过应用现有方法和公共工具,可以使这些沟和回旋结构自动化。当容积沟在白质中形成印记时,这使得突出的沟呈现。由于这种类型的演示是新颖的,但读者不熟悉,这里还通过采用空间上共同配准的白质和皮质表面提出了双重表面呈现。结果在八个标准正交视图上呈现为双表面标记的沟,前,左侧,后部,右侧,上级,劣等,左内侧,通过使用3D大脑图集进行中间处理。此外,另外还创建了108个标记图像,其中针对27个单独的左右沟形成54个白质-皮质双表面图像,从而增强了所提出方法的教育价值。这些图像已包含在NOWinBRAIN神经图像库中,供公众使用,www上提供了超过7700张3D图像。nowinbrain.org.结果表明,白质表面沟表现优于标准皮质表面和横断面表现,在沟过程方面,连续性,尺寸,形状,宽度,深度,侧枝,和模式。据我所知,这是有史以来首次在所有脑白质表面以及双白质-皮质表面上标记脑沟的工作。除了神经教育,讨论了该方法的其他三个应用,sulcal参考图,根据此处介绍的新参数进行的沟定量(沟体积,墙壁偏斜度,和白质盆地的数量),以及用于探索和研究脑沟和回的图集辅助工具。
Although the term sulcus is known for almost four centuries, its formal, precise, consistent, constructive, and quantitative definition is practically lacking. As the cerebral sulci (and gyri) are vital in cortical anatomy which, in turn, is central in neuroeducation and neuroimage processing, a new sulcus definition is needed. The contribution of this work is threefold, namely to (1) propose a new, morphology-based definition of the term sulcus (and consequently that of
gyrus), (2) formulate a constructive method for sulcus calculation, and (3) provide a novel way for the presentation of sulci. The sulcus is defined here as a volumetric region on the cortical mantle between adjacent gyri separated from them at the levels of their gyral white matter crest lines. Consequently, the sulcal inner surface is demarcated by the crest lines of the gyral white matter of its adjacent gyri. Correspondingly, the
gyrus is defined as a volumetric region on the cortical mantle separated from its adjacent sulci at the level of its gyral white matter crest line. This volumetric sulcus definition is conceptually simple, anatomy-based, educationally friendly, quantitative, and constructive. Considering the sulcus as a volumetric object is a major differentiation from other works. Based on the introduced sulcus definition, a method for volumetric sulcus construction is proposed in two, conceptually straightforward, steps, namely, sulcal intersection formation followed by its propagation which steps are to be repeated for every sulcal segment. These sulcal and gyral constructions can be automated by applying existing methods and public tools. As a volumetric sulcus forms an imprint into the white matter, this enables prominent sulcus presentation. Since this type of presentation is novel yet unfamiliar to the reader, also a dual surface presentation was proposed here by employing the spatially co-registered white matter and cortical surfaces. The results were presented as dual surface labeled sulci on eight standard orthogonal views, anterior, left lateral, posterior, right lateral, superior, inferior, medial left, and medial right by using a 3D brain atlas. Moreover, additional 108 labeled images were created with sulcus-oriented views for 27 individual left and right sulci forming 54 dual white matter-cortical surface images strengthening in this way the educational value of the proposed approach. These images were included for public use in the NOWinBRAIN neuroimage repository with over 7700 3D images available at www.nowinbrain.org. The results demonstrated the superiority of white matter surface sulci presentation over the standard cortical surface and cross-sectional presentations in terms of sulcal course, continuity, size, shape, width, depth, side branches, and pattern. To my best knowledge, this is the first work ever presenting the labeling of sulci on all cerebral white matter surfaces as well as on dual white matter-cortical surfaces. Additionally to neuroeducation, three other applications of the proposed approach were discussed, sulcal reference maps, sulcus quantification in terms of new parameters introduced here (sulcal volume, wall skewness, and the number of white matter basins), and an atlas-assisted tool for exploration and studying of cerebral sulci and gyri .