用诸如伊维菌素之类的灭虫剂治疗牲畜被视为解决疟疾残留传播的补充媒介控制方法。然而,这种治疗的功效可能因动物物种而异。因此,我们的目的是研究伊维菌素治疗常见家畜对机会性疟疾病媒结肠按蚊生活史特征的影响。绵羊,使用可注射的兽用伊维菌素制剂以物种特异性剂量(所有物种的推荐剂量和猪的高剂量)治疗山羊和猪.在处理后的不同天,将蚊子批次暴露于处理和对照(未注射)动物。记录每日蚊子死亡率,并通过妊娠雌性的数量和它们发育的卵数量评估繁殖力。推荐剂量的伊维菌素在注射后(DAI)长达7天的时间内诱导蚊子存活显着降低,下降89.7%,66.7%,在接受治疗的猪中占48.4%,山羊和绵羊,分别,与对照动物相比。在接受治疗的猪中,与多达14个DAI的对照组相比,三重治疗剂量使蚊子的存活率降低了68.97%。当在绵羊上采血时,以处理过的动物为食后存活的妊娠雌性按蚊的平均数量减少(在2和7DAI时为2.57%和42.03%),或山羊(在2和7DAI时分别下降28.28%和73.64%)。这项研究表明,伊维菌素对动物的治疗会对An产生负面影响。coluzzii生活史特征,并可能降低牲畜生活在人类附近地区的媒介密度。然而,由于单剂量治疗的短期疗效,重复治疗和可能增加的剂量将需要跨越传播季节。讨论了长效伊维菌素制剂的使用作为在保持成本有效的同时延长功效的手段。
Treatment of livestock with endectocides such as ivermectin is viewed as a complementary vector control approach to address residual transmission of malaria. However, efficacy of this treatment may vary between animal species. Hence, our purpose was to investigate the effects of ivermectin treatments of common livestock species on life history traits of the opportunistic malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii. Sheep,
goats and pigs were treated using injectable veterinary ivermectin formulation at the species-specific doses (recommended dose for all species and high dose in pig). Mosquito batches were exposed to treated and control (not injected) animals at different days after treatment. Daily mosquito mortality was recorded and fecundity assessed through the count of gravid females and the number of eggs they developed. The recommended dose of ivermectin induced a significant decrease in mosquito survival for up to 7 days after injection (DAI), with a decrease of 89.7%, 66.7%, and 48.4% in treated pigs,
goats and sheep, respectively, compared to control animals. In treated pigs, the triple therapeutic dose decreased mosquito survival of 68.97% relatively to controls up to 14 DAI. The average number in gravid females Anopheles that survived after feeding on treated animals were reduced when blood-meals were taken on sheep (2.57% and 42.03% at 2 and 7 DAI), or on
goats (decrease of the 28.28% and 73.64% respectively at 2 and 7 DAI). This study shows that ivermectin treatments to animals negatively impacts An. coluzzii life history traits and could reduce vector densities in areas where livestock live near humans. However, due to short-term efficacy of single dose treatments, repeated treatments and potentially increased dosages would be required to span the transmission season. The use of long-acting ivermectin formulations is discussed as a mean for extending efficacy while remaining cost effective.