PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Livestock provide meat, milk, draught labour, are used for breeding, and act as a store of value for smallholder farmers. High young stock mortality (YSM) has the potential to cause significant financial loss. The Young Stock Mortality Reduction Consortium collaborated on a project to deliver a package of basic health and husbandry interventions to reduce YSM for cattle and small ruminants in mixed and pastoral production systems in Ethiopia. Prior to the intervention, YSM rates ranged from 9.8% for calves in mixed systems, to 35.6% for small ruminants in pastoral systems. Proportional reductions YSM from the intervention ranged from 60% for calves and for small ruminants in mixed systems, to 72% for calves in pastoral systems. This brief research report assesses the costs and benefits of the intervention ex-poste to determine its efficiency. NPVs for the intervention (per household) were calculated for a range of benefit periods (from 1 to 20 years), based on the cost of training enumerators and farmers and the net annual household benefits realised within each benefit period. We found in both pastoral and mixed systems the net annual household benefit for the intervention was positive. For pastoral households the intervention achieves a positive NPV after 2 years. For mixed households the intervention achieves a positive NPV after 11 years. Overall, we found the benefits of the intervention exceed the costs, by a very large amount in pastoral systems, and that benefits were larger for households that kept larger numbers of breeding females.
摘要：
牲畜提供肉，牛奶，劳动力，用于繁殖，并充当小农的价值储备。较高的年轻种群死亡率（YSM）有可能造成重大的经济损失。青年种群死亡率降低协会合作开展了一个项目，提供一揽子基本的健康和畜牧业干预措施，以减少埃塞俄比亚混合和牧区生产系统中牛和小反刍动物的YSM。在干预之前,混合系统中小牛的YSM率为9.8％，牧区系统中的小反刍动物为35.6%。干预措施的YSM减少比例为小牛和混合系统中的小反刍动物的60％，牧区小牛的比例为72%。这份简短的研究报告评估了事后干预的成本和收益，以确定其效率。干预措施的NPV(每个家庭)是在一系列受益期(从1年到20年)计算的，根据培训统计员和农民的成本以及每个福利期内实现的年度家庭福利净额。我们发现，在牧区和混合系统中，干预措施的年度家庭净收益均为正。对于牧民家庭，干预在2年后达到了正的净现值。对于混合家庭，干预措施在11年后实现了正的净现值。总的来说,我们发现干预的好处超过了成本，在牧区系统中大量存在，对于拥有大量繁殖雌性的家庭来说，这种好处更大。
