背景:甘草具有多种作用,包括补脾补气,清除热量和有毒物质,祛痰,缓解咳嗽和疼痛,协调其他药物的效果。它广泛用于制药和食品工业。
目的:本综述对甘草属植物的鉴定进行了系统整理。具有药用价值的物种及其分布。形态和遗传特征,分布,中国的储备数量,适宜的环境,综述了重要药用物种适宜生境的面积。综述了自然环境和栽培管理(水和养分)对甘草生长和品质的影响。目的是使人们对G.Linn的药用植物资源状况有一个系统的了解。,了解影响其质量的自然和人为因素,从而为今后重要药用甘草资源的收集和人类对其质量的控制提供帮助。
方法:我们对主要文献进行了广泛的搜索,硕士和博士论文,和许多国家使用PubMed的药典,Geenmedical,CNKI,WebofScience,SCI-hub和其他数据库。搜索中使用的关键词包括“甘草的分类,\"\"药用甘草,甘草的“\”分布,\"和\"甘草适宜环境\"由我们的研究小组进行的形态学和遗传特征的研究结果,自然分布,综述了人工调控对甘草生长和品质的影响。
结果:大约有29种G.Linn。全世界,包括15种具有药用价值。这些物种分布在除南极洲以外的所有大陆上,分布在41个国家。印度药典中只有一种甘草,在美国和日本药典中记录了两个物种,在大多数国家药典中记录了三种:G.glabraLinn。,G.uralensisFisch。还有G.InflataBatalin.这三种药用甘草主要分布在欧亚大陆,尤其是中亚。这三种药用甘草之间的主要形态差异在叶子上,花序,豆荚,和种子,它们可以通过ITS和psbA-trnH序列来区分。2010年,中国野生甘草的储量每年减少至104万(t)。中国乌拉尔费希的种植面积目前约为26,900hm2。土壤条件对乌拉尔的产量和质量有很大影响,特别是水和营养。适当的灌溉和施肥措施可以提高乌拉尔草的质量。
结论:G.林恩总结了物种及其自然分布。形态学,遗传特征,适宜的环境,描述了在主要国家收集的三种药用甘草的适宜栖息地面积。确定了影响其生长和药用品质的主要环境条件和栽培措施。本文对G.Linn进行了全面综述。药用植物资源,以提高这些资源的未来利用。
BACKGROUND: Glycyrrizae Radix et Rhizoma has various effects, including tonifying the spleen and qi, clearing heat and toxic substances, eliminating phlegm, relieving cough and pain, and harmonizing the effects of other medicines. It is widely used in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
OBJECTIVE: This review systematically collates the identification of Glycyrrhiza Linn. species with medicinal value and their distributions. The morphological and genetic characteristics, distribution, quantity of reserves in China, suitable environment, and area of suitable habitat of important medicinal species were reviewed. The effects of the natural environment and cultivation management (water and nutrients) on the growth and quality of licorice were reviewed. The aim is to make people have a systematic understanding of the status of medicinal plant resources of the G. Linn., and understand the natural and human factors that affect its quality, so as to provide help for the collection of resources of the important medicinal licorice and the human control of its quality in the future.
METHODS: We conducted extensive searches of the primary literature, master\'s and doctoral theses, and pharmacopeias of many countries using PubMed, Geenmedical, CNKI, Web of Science, SCI-hub and other databases. The keywords used in searches included \"classification of Glycyrrhiza,\" \"medicinal Glycyrrhiza,\" \"distribution of Glycyrrhiza,\" and \"suitable environment for Glycyrrhiza\" The results of research conducted by our research group on the morphological and genetic characteristics, natural distribution, and effects of artificial regulation on the growth and quality of licorice were summarized.
RESULTS: There are approximately 29 species of G. Linn. worldwide, including 15 species with medicinal value. These species occur on all continents except Antarctica across 41 countries. Only one licorice is recorded in Indian pharmacopoia,two species are recorded in US and Japanese pharmacopoeias,and three species are recorded in most national pharmacopoeias: G. glabra Linn., G. uralensis Fisch. and G. inflata Batalin. These three medicinal licorice species are mainly distributed in Eurasia, especially Central Asia. The main morphological differences between these three medicinal licorice species are in the leaves, inflorescences, pods, and seeds, and they can be distinguished by ITS and psbA-trnH sequences. The reserves of wild licorice in China have decreased annually to 1.04 million(t) in 2010. The cultivation area of G. uralensis Fisch in China is currently approximately 26,900 hm2. Soil conditions have a substantial effect on the yield and quality of G. uralensis Fisch, especially water and nutrients. Appropriate irrigation and fertilization measures can enhance the quality of G. uralensis Fisch.
CONCLUSIONS: G. Linn. species and their natural distributions were summarized. The morphology, genetic characteristics, suitable environment, and area of suitable habitat of three medicinal licorice species collected in major countries were described. The main environmental conditions and cultivation measures affecting their growth and medicinal quality were determined. This article provides a comprehensive review on G. Linn. medicinal plant resources to enhance the future use of these resources.