Background/Objectives: Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) is a prevalent condition causing significant distress and healthcare costs globally. Despite various treatments, effective management remains challenging. Pilates, recognized for its focus on core strength and postural alignment, has emerged as a promising intervention. This study investigates the impact of mind-body in Pilates for directing participants on CNSLBP outcomes. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 67 participants, aged 18 to 65 years, suffering from CNSLBP. They were allocated into two groups: Pilates with mind-body cueing (n = 34) and Pilates without cueing (n = 33). Both groups underwent 60 min sessions twice weekly for 8 weeks. Outcome measures included pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale), functional disability (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire), fear of movement (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia), and adherence (percentage of sessions attended). Statistical significance was determined through repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in pain reduction, functional ability, and kinesiophobia. However, the mind-body group demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in kinesiophobia compared to the non-cueing group (p = 0.048), indicating the potential additional benefit of mind-body cueing in managing movement-related fear in CNSLBP. Conclusions: This study underscores the effectiveness of an 8-week Pilates intervention in managing CNSLBP, highlighting the added value of mind-body cueing in reducing fear of movement. These findings suggest incorporating mind-body cueing in Pilates could enhance the therapeutic benefits, particularly for patients with high levels of movement-related fear, potentially improving long-term adherence to physical activity and rehabilitation outcomes.

UNASSIGNED: Peripheral nerve damage is a very important factor in patients\' quality of life and functionality for various reasons. We aimed to compare the functionality level, disability and quality of life in subjects with peripheral nerve repair in the upper extremity.
UNASSIGNED: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with nerve injuries in 2019. Among those patients, Eighty-five were selected as the sample. The instruments used in this study included the health-related quality of life standard questionnaire (SF-36), and the disability of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire (DASH-38). Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 and one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests.
UNASSIGNED: Results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the disability score in the groups of patients was not significant. In addition, according to the results of the one-way ANOVA test, the quality of life score was not significant among the patient groups.
UNASSIGNED: Considering that peripheral nerve damage has a significant impact on patients\' quality of life and functionality, apart from more research on the subject, it is necessary to provide support for patients to improve their quality of life.

This study examined the separate and combined associations of cognitive impairment and body pain with functional and mobility disabilities (FMDs) among older women and men in India. Multivariable linear regression models were applied using data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (2017-18) comprising 31,464 adults aged 60+. Older adults with cognitive impairment and pain reported higher levels of FMDs than peers without any pain and cognitive impairment. The likelihood of FMDs was significantly greater among older Indians enduring both cognitive impairment and pain (p < 0.05). Moreover, the association between cognitive impairment and functional disability was noticeably stronger in older women, particularly those with frequent pain, while the link between cognitive impairment and mobility disability was more pronounced in men with pain. Integrated cognitive rehabilitation and pain management programs, along with guided physical therapy, gender-specific support groups, and community-based health promotion activities, should be considered to reduce FMDs in older Indians.

This paper aims to map the daily functional characteristics of people diagnosed with essential tremor (ET) based on their subjective self-reports. In addition, we provide objective measurements of a cup-drinking task. This study involved 20 participants diagnosed with ET who completed the Columbia University Assessment of Disability in Essential Tremor (CADET) questionnaire that included five additional tasks related to digital equipment operation we wrote. Participants also described task-performance modifications they implemented. To create objective personal performance profiles, they performed a cup-drinking task while being monitored using a sensor measurement system. The CADET\'s subjective self-report results indicate that the most prevalent tasks participants reported as having difficulty with or requiring modifications were writing, threading a needle, carrying a cup, using a spoon, pouring, and taking a photo or video on a mobile phone. Analysis of participants\' modifications revealed that holding the object with two hands or with one hand supporting the other were the most prevalent types. No significant correlation was found between the CADET total scores and the cup drinking objective measures. Capturing patients\' perspectives on their functional disability, alongside objective performance measures, is envisioned to contribute to the development of custom-tailored interventions aligned with individual profiles, i.e., patient-based/smart healthcare.

BACKGROUND: Low back pain (LBP) is a common disorder and is considered one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, resulting in adverse health, social, and economic outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the effects and durability of 8-week Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) exercises on pain, functional disability, and quality of life in individuals aged 30 to 50 years with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP).
METHODS: This research employed a pre- and post-test design with a follow-up period, in which 29 participants (16 in the control group and 13 in the exercise group) remained until the end of the study. Pain intensity, functional disability, and quality of life were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), the Oswestry Disability Index, and the SF-36 questionnaire, respectively, before intervention, immediately after, and two months post-intervention. The control group continued their routine daily activities, while the exercise group performed DNS exercises three times a week for 8 weeks. The data was analyzed using a mixed-design ANOVA (P ≤ 0.05).
RESULTS: The results showed improvements in pain (F (2,24) = 5.31, P = 0.01, η2 = 0.31), functional disability (F (2,24) = 4.17, P = 0.03, η2 = 0.26), and quality of life (F (2,24) = 4.70, P = 0.02, η2 = 0.28) in the exercise group at the Post-test compared to the Pre-test. However, the durability of the exercise effects at the follow-up assessment was not sustainable compared to the Post-test and Pre-test (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: An 8-week period of DNS exercises can improve pain, functional disability, and quality of life in individuals with NSCLBP. However, a 2-month period of detraining can reduce the positive outcomes of these exercises.
BACKGROUND: The researchers retrospectively registered this trial on 21/04/2024, with the identifier IRCT20240107060646N1 in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) at the following address: https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir .

BACKGROUND: To examine the prevalence of toileting disability among older adults in India and its association with broad aspects of the physical and social environment.
METHODS: We use data from the inaugural wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India and focus on adults aged 65 and older (N = 20,789). We draw on the disablement process model and existing frameworks to identify environmental factors and other risk factors that may be associated with toileting disability. Hierarchical logistic regressions are implemented to analyze the health impacts from physical and social environment characteristics.
RESULTS: One in five older Indian adults had difficulties with toileting, and the prevalence rate of this functional disability varied across sub-national regions. We find that low neighborhood trust was associated with an increased likelihood of toileting disability, as was the use of assistive mobility devices. The negative effects of these social and external environment characteristics hold when we stratified the sample by rural and urban residency. Also, older adults in urban areas without access to toilets and using shared latrines had higher odds of being disabled in terms of toileting. Other factors important in explaining toileting disability among older adults included poor self-rated health, arthritis, currently working, living in the East or West region, and having functional limitations.
CONCLUSIONS: Poor person-environment fit can compromise older adults\' ability to perform self-care tasks. Policymakers need to look beyond the physical environment (e.g., dedicating resources to construct toilet facilities) to adopt a more holistic, multi-faceted approach in their sanitation policies. Improving the safety of neighborhood surroundings in which shared latrines are located and the availability of accessible toilets that cater to those with mobility impairments can help improve independence in toileting among older adults.

UNASSIGNED: Adherence studies among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, in Egypt and throughout the Middle East region, are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate methotrexate (MTX) adherence in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to identify specific non-adherence predictors.
UNASSIGNED: A cross-sectional observational study included 300 RA patients who were administered MTX for at least one year. The survey was completed through direct interviews. The demographic patient data were collected (age, education, sex, work status, disease duration, duration of MTX administration and current dose). Patients\' adherence to MTX predictors for non-adherence, MTX side effects and functional disability were assessed in the study.
UNASSIGNED: Majority of respondents showed good MTX adherence, and more than 50% of patient\'s experienced MTX side effects. A large percentage of participants showed low knowledge about MTX nature and side effects. Most participants reported no or some difficulty in quality of life-related activities and functional disability.
UNASSIGNED: MTX adherence and awareness were positively correlated to many variables, including, age, educational level and disease duration, which in turn has its positive impact on the patient\'s quality of life. Still, more research is needed to determine the impact of non-adherence on the patient\'s health outcomes.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the potential of whole brain white matter patterns as novel neuroimaging biomarkers for assessing cognitive impairment and disability in older adults.
METHODS: We conducted an in-depth analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) scans in 454 participants, focusing on white matter patterns and white matter inter-subject variability (WM-ISV).
RESULTS: The white matter pattern ensemble model, combining MRI and amyloid PET, demonstrated a significantly higher classification performance for cognitive impairment and disability. Participants with Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) exhibited higher WM-ISV than participants with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and vascular dementia. Furthermore, WM-ISV correlated significantly with blood-based biomarkers (such as glial fibrillary acidic protein and phosphorylated tau-217 [p-tau217]), and cognitive function and disability scores.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that white matter pattern analysis has significant potential as an adjunct neuroimaging biomarker for clinical decision-making and determining cognitive impairment and disability.
CONCLUSIONS: The ensemble model combined both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and demonstrated a significantly higher classification performance for cognitive impairment and disability. Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) revealed a notably higher heterogeneity compared to that in subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, or vascular dementia. White matter inter-subject variability (WM-ISV) was significantly correlated with blood-based biomarkers (glial fibrillary acidic protein and phosphorylated tau-217 [p-tau217]) and with the polygenic risk score for AD. White matter pattern analysis has significant potential as an adjunct neuroimaging biomarker for clinical decision-making processes and determining cognitive impairment and disability.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the predictive value of intrinsic capacity decline on functional disability among the elderly.
METHODS: Meta-analysis.
METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Wanfang Database, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI), Weipu Database (VIP), and Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) were searched for relevant studies published from the inception until June 1, 2024. Stata 17.0 software was used to perform the meta-analysis. The methodological quality was evaluated using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. The overall quality of evidence used GRADE guidelines to assess. A study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023475461).
RESULTS: The meta-analysis included 8 cohort studies including 9744 elderly people. Functional disability including ADL disability (n = 6) and IADL disability (n = 7). The results showed that intrinsic capacity decline could predict ADL disability (HR = 1.08, 95 %CI 1.04-1.12; I2 = 98.2 %, P < 0.001) and IADL disability (HR = 1.11, 95 %CI 1.05-1.17; I2 = 96.4 %, P < 0.001). The overall risk of bias was low. And the grade of evidence that assessed by GRADE guidelines was rated as moderate.
CONCLUSIONS: Intrinsic capacity decline is a predictor of functional disability in the elderly. Therefore, screening intrinsic capacity decline has important clinical implications for early identifying the risk of functional disability, which contributes to providing individualized interventions ahead of potential functional disability for the elderly, thereby preventing functional disability, improving the quality of life and promoting healthy aging.

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