金属污染是全世界关注的问题。近几十年来,城市中心人口的高增长大大放大了这些污染物进入水生生态系统的可能性。亚马逊地区,强烈的迁徙流,金矿开采,工业化被认为是增加金属污染的主要动力。因此,这项研究的主要目的是进行,第一次,基于亚马逊流域几个水生环境的沉积物和水中金属浓度的生态风险评估(ERA),基于风险商值(RQ=测量的环境浓度-MEC/预测的无影响浓度-PNEC)。此外,估算了金属污染因子(CF)。尽管水中的金属浓度普遍较低,这些价值观远远超出了许多领域现行国家立法规定的限度,显示金属Co的浓度较高,Pb,Cr,Cu,和Ni。Mn的浓度,Cu,Ba,Pb,Co,Ni,Cr,Zn,Cd,在几种评估环境中,沉积物中的As含量特别高。水室的ERA显示,56%的研究区域对水生生物群具有高风险(RQ>1)。在沉积物中,66%的站点呈现高风险和40%的中等风险(RQ=0.1-1)。CF表明,49%的采样点具有高污染,只有24%,污染低。这些结果表明,亚马逊地区的监测研究,提供了重要信息,以便可以在亚马逊地区加强保护水资源的公共政策。
Pollution by metals is a matter of concern around the world. In recent decades, the high population growth in urban centers has significantly magnified the entry of these pollutants into aquatic ecosystems. The Amazon region, intense migratory flow, gold mining, and industrialization have been considered the main driving forces for increasing metal pollution. Thus, the main aim of this study is to conduct, for the first time, an Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) based on metal concentrations measured in the sediment and water of several aquatic environments from the Amazon basin, based on the risk quotient values (RQ = measured environmental concentration - MEC/predicted no effect concentration - PNEC). In addition, the metal contamination factor (CF) was estimated. Although metal concentrations in water were generally low, these values were far above the limits established by current national legislation in many areas, showing higher concentrations for the metals Co, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Ni. Concentrations of Mn, Cu, Ba, Pb, Co, Ni, Cr, Zn, Cd, and As were especially high in the sediment for several evaluated environments. The ERA for the water compartment revealed that 56% of the studied areas presented high risk (RQ > 1) for aquatic biota. In the sediment, 66% of the sites presented a high risk and 40% medium risk (RQ = 0.1-1). The CF indicated that 49% of the sampling points had high contamination and only 24%, had low contamination. These results reveal that monitoring studies in the Amazon region, provides important information so that public policies for the preservation of water resources can be strengthened in the Amazon.