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UNASSIGNED: The incidence and mortality of gynaecological cancers can significantly impact women\'s quality of life and increase the health care burden for organisations globally. The objective of this study was to evaluate global inequalities in the incidence and mortality of gynaecological cancers in 2022, based on The Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) 2022 estimates. The future burden of gynaecological cancers (GCs) in 2050 was also projected.
UNASSIGNED: Data regarding to the total cases and deaths related to gynaecological cancer, as well as cases and deaths pertaining to different subtypes of GCs, gathered from the GLOBOCAN database for the year 2022. Predictions for the number of cases and deaths in the year 2050 were derived from global demographic projections, categorised by world region and Human Development Index (HDI).
UNASSIGNED: In 2022, there were 1 473 427 new cases of GCs and 680 372 deaths. The incidence of gynecological cancer reached 30.3 per 100 000, and the mortality rate hit 13.2 per 100 000. The age-standardised incidence of GCs in Eastern Africa is higher than 50 per 100 000, whereas the age-standardised incidence in Northern Africa is 17.1 per 100 000. The highest mortality rates were found in East Africa (ASMR (age-standardised mortality rates) of 35.3 per 100 000) and the lowest in Australia and New Zealand (ASMR of 8.1 per 100 000). These are related to the endemic areas of HIV and HPV. Very High HDI countries had the highest incidence of GCs, with ASIR (age-standardised incidence rates) of 34.8 per 100 000, and low HDI countries had the second highest incidence rate, with an ASIR of 33.0 per 100 000. Eswatini had the highest incidence and mortality (105.4 per 100 000; 71.1 per 100 000) and Yemen the lowest (5.8 per 100 000; 4.4 per 100 000). If the current trends in morbidity and mortality are maintained, number of new cases and deaths from female reproductive tract tumours is projected to increase over the next two decades.
UNASSIGNED: In 2022, gynaecological cancers accounted for 1 473 427 new cases and 680 372 deaths globally, with significant regional disparities in incidence and mortality rates. The highest rates were observed in Eastern Africa and countries with very high and low HDI, with Eswatini recording the most severe statistics. If current trends continue, the number of new cases and deaths from gynaecological cancers is expected to rise over the next two decades, highlighting the urgent need for effective interventions.

Triage systems, crucial for Emergency Departments, face unresolved doubts and issues that have not been addressed, coupled with increasing fragmentation due to a growing body of new evidence. International collaboration is essential for evidence-based triage solutions.

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Objective: To construct a prediction model for the clinical supply of blood components in Xi\'an City from 2023 to 2025. Methods: Based on the blood supply data of the Blood Management Information System of Shaanxi Provincial Blood Center from January 2013 to December 2022, a gray prediction model and an exponential curve fitting model were used to construct the prediction model, and the optimal prediction model was determined according to the error parameters of the relevant indicators of the model. The supply of blood components in Xi\'an from 2023 to 2025 was predicted. Results: The fitting equations of the exponential curve fitting model to predict the supply of suspended red blood cells, platelets and cryoprecipitate in Xi\'an were, x（1）（t+1）=1.16e0.04t，x（1）（t+1）=1.04e0.12t and x（1）（t+1）=1.01e1.10t, respectively. The mean absolute errors (mean relative errors) of the exponential curve fitting model in predicting the supply of suspended red blood cells, platelets and cryoprecipitate in Xi\'an were 10 488.7 (0.05%), 2 114.9 (0.08%) and 3 089.6 (0.07%), respectively, which were lower than those of the gray prediction model, about 10 488.7 (3.44%), 2 152.78 (8.20%) and 3 441.35 (7.92%), respectively. The exponential curve fitting model predicted that the clinical supply of blood components in Xi\'an would increase year by year from 2023 to 2025, and the clinical supply of suspended red blood cells, platelets, and cryoprecipitate in Xi\'an would increase to 409 467 U, 69 818 therapeutic volume and 94 724 U, respectively by 2025. Conclusion: The exponential curve fitting model can make a good prediction of the clinical supply of blood components in Xi\'an City.
目的： 构建预测模型对2023—2025年西安市成分血临床供应量进行预测。 方法： 基于2013年1月—2022年12月陕西省血液中心血液管理信息系统的成分血供血量资料，采用灰色预测模型和指数曲线拟合模型构建预测模型，依据模型相关指标的误差参数确定最优预测模型，对2023—2025年西安市成分血供应量进行预测。 结果： 指数曲线拟合模型预测西安市悬浮红细胞、血小板和冷沉淀供应量的拟合方程分别为x（1）（t+1）=1.16e0.04t、x（1）（t+1）=1.04e0.12t、x（1）（t+1）=1.01e1.10t，其平均绝对误差（平均相对误差）分别为10 488.7（0.05%）、2 114.9（0.08%）和3 089.6（0.07%），均低于灰色预测模型［分别为10 488.7（3.44%）、2 152.78（8.20%）和3 441.35（7.92%）］。指数曲线拟合模型预测2023—2025年西安市成分血临床供应量呈逐年上升趋势，至2025年西安市悬浮红细胞、血小板、冷沉淀临床供应量分别升至409 467 U、69 818治疗量和 94 724 U。 结论： 指数曲线拟合模型可较好预测西安市成分血临床供应量。.

BACKGROUND: In a global context, the shortage of nursing personnel has emerged as a significant challenge, particularly in countries such as China experiencing population aging. The inadequacy of nursing human resources has become one of the primary threats affecting the quality of health services available to Chinese residents. Therefore, forecasting the demand for nursing personnel has become an important issue.
OBJECTIVE: This study presents a Gray GM (1,1) forecasting model for predicting the future 10-year demand for nursing workforce and the number of specialized geriatric nurses, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the development of policies in health care institutions in China.
METHODS: Based on data from the China Statistical Yearbook 2022, the Gray GM (1,1) model was used to predict the demand for nursing jobs and geriatric nurses over the next 10 years (2024-2033).
RESULTS: The results indicate that from 2024 to 2033, amidst a continuous growth in the overall population and an increasingly pronounced trend of population aging, the demand for nursing workforce in China, especially for specialized geriatric nurses, is projected to steadily increase.
CONCLUSIONS: The paper provides a reference basis for the establishment of China\'s health care workforce system and the involvement of government departments in health care workforce planning.

Radiotherapy plays a critical role in the management of non-metastatic lung cancer, offering curative potential and symptom relief. It serves as a primary treatment modality or adjuvant therapy post-surgery, enhancing local control and survival rates. Modern techniques like Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) enable precise tumor targeting, minimizing damage to healthy tissue and reducing treatment duration. The synergy between radiotherapy and systemic treatments, including immunotherapy, holds promise in improving outcomes. Immunotherapy augments the immune response against cancer cells, potentially enhancing radiotherapy\'s efficacy. Furthermore, radiotherapy\'s ability to modulate the tumor microenvironment complements the immunotherapy\'s mechanism of action. As a result, the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy may offer superior tumor control and survival benefits. Moreover, the integration of radiotherapy with surgery and chemotherapy in multidisciplinary approaches maximizes treatment efficacy while minimizing toxicity. Herein we present an overview on modern radiotherapy and potential developments in the close future.
Die Strahlentherapie nimmt in der Behandlung des nicht metastasierten Lungenkarzinoms eine entscheidende Rolle ein, da sie sowohl einen kurativen Therapieansatz und zudem eine Verbesserung der krankheitsbedingten Symptome bietet. Als primäre Behandlungsmethode oder als (neo-)adjuvante Therapie nach einer Operation können die Kontroll- und Überlebensraten erhöht und damit die onkologischen Therapieergebnisse verbessert werden. Moderne Techniken wie die stereotaktische Strahlentherapie (SBRT) ermöglichen ein präzises Anvisieren des Tumors, wodurch die Strahlenbelastung des gesunden Gewebes minimiert und die Behandlungsdauer verkürzt werden. Die Synergie zwischen Strahlentherapie und systemischen Behandlungen, einschl. der Immuntherapie, führt zu einer weiteren Verbesserung der Behandlungsergebnisse. Die Immuntherapie verstärkt die körpereigene Immunreaktion gegen Tumorzellen und kann so die Wirksamkeit der Strahlentherapie erhöhen. Gleichermaßen werden die Mechanismen der Immuntherapie durch das Potenzial der Strahlentherapie, die Mikroumgebung des Tumors zu modulieren, verstärkt. Daher kann eine Kombination aus Strahlen- und Immuntherapie eine bessere Tumorkontrolle und damit Überlebensvorteile für den behandelten Patienten bieten. Zusätzlich maximiert eine multidisziplinäre Therapie aus Strahlentherapie, Chirurgie und Chemotherapie/Immuntherapie die Wirksamkeit der Behandlung und minimiert zeitgleich die Toxizität. In diesem Artikel geben wir einen Überblick über moderne Behandlungstechniken der Strahlentherapie und über mögliche Entwicklungen in naher Zukunft.

BACKGROUND: Rheumatology in Germany is facing major challenges. The need for rheumatological care is increasing and can no longer be met in some regions for capacity reasons. Too many people with an inflammatory rheumatic disease (IRD) have to forego appropriate care or receive it too late. The 4th new edition of the memorandum of the German Society for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology (DGRh) provides information on rheumatological care in Germany. It was produced under the leadership of the DGRh together with the Professional Association of German Rheumatologists (BDRh), the Association of Acute Rheumatology Clinics (VRA), the German Rheumatism League (DRL) and the German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ).
METHODS: The memorandum describes the current state and development of the following areas: number of people with IRD, outpatient, inpatient and rehabilitative care structures, number of specialists in rheumatology, education and training, quality of care, health economic aspects and digital care concepts. Proposals for health policy measures to safeguard rheumatological care are presented.
RESULTS: Prevalence: approximately 1.8 million adults in Germany have an IRD. The prevalence is increasing, due to changes in the demographic structure of the population, improved diagnostics, treatment and longer survival. Care structures: outpatient specialist care (ASV) for rheumatic diseases is developing as a cross-sectoral care model for hospital outpatient clinics and rheumatology practices. Hospitals have been able to be certified as rheumatology centers since 2020, which enables structural developments. Specialists in rheumatology: as of 31 December 2023, there were 1164 specialists in rheumatology working in Germany. This included 715 physicians accredited to work in practices for national health assurance patients, 39% of whom were employees. In hospitals, 39% of doctors worked part-time. At least 2 rheumatology specialists per 100,000 adults are needed, i.e. around 1400, in order to provide adequate care. This means that there is a shortage of around 700 rheumatology specialists in the outpatient sector alone. Of all working specialists, 30% are currently aged 60 years old and over. Medical training: only 10 out of 38 (26%) state universities have an independent chair in rheumatology. In addition, 11 rheumatology departments are subordinate to a nonrheumatology chair. In the rheumatology-integration into student training (RISA) III study, only 16 out of 36 faculties fulfilled the recommended minimum number of compulsory hours of student rheumatology teaching. Continuing education in rheumatology: the annual postgraduate training qualifications do not cover the demand for rheumatology specialists, which is additionally increasing due to intensified workload, reduced capacities through retirement, and part-time work. Quality of care: since the introduction of highly effective medication patients with IRD have a much better chance of achieving remission of their disease. With early initiation of targeted therapy, the lives of many patients are hardly restricted at all: however, waiting times for a first rheumatological visit often last more than 3 months. Quality target is a first consultation within the first 6 weeks after the onset of symptoms. Models for early consultation, delegation of medical services, structured patient training and digital care concepts have been positively evaluated but are not covered financially.
RESULTS: the total annual costs for inflammatory joint diseases alone amount to around 3 billion euros. The direct costs have significantly risen since the introduction of biologics, while the indirect costs for sick leave, disability and hospitalization have fallen.
CONCLUSIONS: The core demands of this memorandum are a significant and sustainable increase in the number of further training positions in the outpatient and inpatient sector, the creation of chairs or at least independent departments for rheumatology at all universities and the further implementation of new and cross-sectoral forms of care. This will ensure modern needs-based rheumatological care for all patients in the future.
UNASSIGNED: HINTERGRUND: Die Rheumatologie in Deutschland steht vor großen Herausforderungen: der Bedarf an rheumatologischer Versorgung steigt und kann aus Kapazitätsgründen bereits jetzt in einigen Regionen nicht mehr gedeckt werden. Zu viele Menschen mit einer entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankung (ERE) müssen auf eine angemessene Versorgung verzichten oder erhalten diese zu spät. Die 4. Neuauflage des Memorandums der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie e. V. (DGRh) informiert über die rheumatologische Versorgung in Deutschland. Es wurde unter Führung der DGRh mit dem Berufsverband Deutscher Rheumatologen (BDRh), dem Verband Rheumatologischer Akutkliniken (VRA), der Deutschen Rheuma-Liga (DRL) und dem Deutschen Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) erstellt.
METHODS: Das Memorandum beschreibt den aktuellen Stand und die Entwicklung folgender Bereiche: Anzahl der Personen mit ERE, ambulante, stationäre und rehabilitative Versorgungsstrukturen, Anzahl an Fachärzt:innen für Rheumatologie, Aus- und Weiterbildung, Versorgungsqualität, gesundheitsökonomische Aspekte und digitale Versorgungskonzepte. Vorschläge für gesundheitspolitische Maßnahmen zur Sicherung der rheumatologischen Versorgung werden dargestellt.
UNASSIGNED: Prävalenz: Etwa 1,8 Mio. Erwachsene in Deutschland haben eine ERE. Die Prävalenz steigt aus verschiedenen Gründen: Veränderungen der Altersstruktur der Bevölkerung, verbesserte Diagnostik und Therapie mit längerem Überleben. Versorgungsstrukturen: Neben der regulären kassenärztlichen Versorgung hat sich die ambulante spezialfachärztliche Versorgung (ASV) als sektorenübergreifendes Versorgungsmodell etabliert. Krankenhäuser können sich seit 2020 als rheumatologische Zentren zertifizieren lassen, was strukturelle Weiterentwicklungen ermöglicht. Fachärzt:innen (FÄ) für Rheumatologie: Zum 31.12.2023 waren in Deutschland 1164 FÄ für Rheumatologie berufstätig. Vertragsärztlich waren dies 715 FÄ, davon 39 % angestellt. In Krankenhäusern waren 39 % der FÄ in Teilzeit tätig. Für eine bedarfsgerechte ambulante Versorgung benötigen wir mindestens 2 FÄ für Rheumatologie pro 100.000 Erwachsene, das sind rund 1400. Es fehlen also allein im ambulanten Bereich zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt etwa 700 FÄ für Rheumatologie. Von allen berufstätigen FÄ sind 30 % derzeit 60 Jahre und älter. Ärztliche Ausbildung: Nur 10 von 38 (26 %) staatlichen Universitäten verfügen über einen eigenständigen rheumatologischen Lehrstuhl. Darüber hinaus sind 11 rheumatologisch geführte Abteilungen einem nicht-rheumatologischen Lehrstuhl untergeordnet. Nur 16 von 36 Fakultäten erfüllten in der RISA III-Studie die empfohlene Mindestzahl an Pflichtstunden studentischer rheumatologischer Lehre. Rheumatologische Weiterbildung: Die jährlichen Weiterbildungsabschlüsse für Rheumatologie decken nicht den Bedarf an rheumatologischen FÄ, der durch steigende Arbeitsbelastung, reduzierte Kapazitäten durch Pensionierung und zunehmende Teilzeittätigkeit noch zunimmt. Versorgungsqualität: Rheuma-Betroffene haben seit Einführung hochwirksamer Medikamente eine deutlich bessere Aussicht auf eine Remission ihrer Erkrankung. Bei frühzeitiger adäquater Therapie ist die Lebensführung vieler Betroffener kaum noch eingeschränkt. Die Wartezeit auf eine rheumatologische Erstvorstellung beträgt aber oft mehr als 3 Monate. Qualitätsziel ist eine Vorstellung innerhalb der ersten 6 Wochen nach Symptombeginn. Frühsprechstunden, Delegation ärztlicher Leistungen, strukturierte Patientenschulungen und digitale Versorgungskonzepte wurden positiv evaluiert, sind aber nicht finanziell gedeckt. Kosten: Die jährlichen Gesamtkosten allein für entzündliche Gelenkerkrankungen belaufen sich auf etwa 3 Mrd. €. Die direkten Kosten sind seit Einführung der Biologika deutlich gestiegen, während indirekte Kosten für Krankschreibung, Erwerbsunfähigkeit und stationäre Aufenthalte gesunken sind.
UNASSIGNED: Kernforderungen dieses Memorandums sind: die deutliche und nachhaltige Steigerung der Zahl von Weiterbildungsstellen im ambulanten und stationären Bereich, die Schaffung von Lehrstühlen oder mindestens eigenständigen Abteilungen für Rheumatologie an allen Universitäten sowie die weitere Umsetzung neuer und sektorenübergreifender Versorgungsformen. Dies stellt eine bedarfsgerechte, moderne rheumatologische Versorgung für alle Betroffenen auch in Zukunft sicher.

BACKGROUND: Influenza, an acute infectious respiratory disease, presents a significant global health challenge. Accurate prediction of influenza activity is crucial for reducing its impact. Therefore, this study seeks to develop a hybrid Convolution Neural Network-Long Short Term Memory neural network (CNN-LSTM) model to forecast the percentage of influenza-like-illness (ILI) rate in Hebei Province, China. The aim is to provide more precise guidance for influenza prevention and control measures.
METHODS: Using ILI% data from 28 national sentinel hospitals in the Hebei Province, spanning from 2010 to 2022, we employed the Python deep learning framework PyTorch to develop the CNN-LSTM model. Additionally, we utilized R and Python to develop four other models commonly used for predicting infectious diseases. After constructing the models, we employed these models to make retrospective predictions, and compared each model\'s prediction performance using mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and other evaluation metrics.
RESULTS: Based on historical ILI% data from 28 national sentinel hospitals in Hebei Province, the Seasonal Auto-Regressive Indagate Moving Average (SARIMA), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Convolution Neural Network (CNN), Long Short Term Memory neural network (LSTM) models were constructed. On the testing set, all models effectively predicted the ILI% trends. Subsequently, these models were used to forecast over different time spans. Across various forecasting periods, the CNN-LSTM model demonstrated the best predictive performance, followed by the XGBoost model, LSTM model, CNN model, and SARIMA model, which exhibited the least favorable performance.
CONCLUSIONS: The hybrid CNN-LSTM model had better prediction performances than the SARIMA model, CNN model, LSTM model, and XGBoost model. This hybrid model could provide more accurate influenza activity projections in the Hebei Province.