背景:通过体外实验评估了在奶牛中存在通常可用的饲料的唾液化学谱中的作用。为此,将来自五头健康奶牛的汇集干净的唾液与基于总混合日粮的标准饲料孵育五次(F),小麦干草(H),草(G)唾液面板被压力的生物标志物(皮质醇-sCor-,唾液α-淀粉酶-sAA-,丁酰胆碱酯酶-BChE-,总酯酶-TEA-,和脂肪酶-Lip-),免疫(腺苷脱氨酶-ADA-),氧化状态(Trolox等效抗氧化能力-TEAC-,唾液-FRAS-的铁还原能力,铜还原抗氧化能力-CUPRAC-,尿酸,和高级氧化蛋白产物-AOPP-),和酶,蛋白质,一般代谢的矿物质和肝脏的标志物,肌肉,和肾损害(天冬氨酸氨基转移酶-AST-,丙氨酸氨基转移酶-ALP-,γ-谷氨酰转移酶-gGT-,乳酸脱氢酶-LDH-,肌酸激酶-CK-,肌酐,尿素,甘油三酯,葡萄糖,乳酸,总蛋白质,磷,和总钙)。
结果:当存在饲料时,大多数评估的分析物显示出高于15%的变异系数(CV)和/或与干净唾液相比的显着变化。一些分析物,如氧化状态生物标志物(CV>80%),AST(CV>60%),或葡萄糖(CV>100%),所有测试的饲料类型均显示出显着变化。其他仅在某些类型的饲料中显示出显着差异,例如具有F(CV>60%)的LDH或具有F(CV>100%)和H(CV>95%)的甘油三酯。然而,sCor或gGT保持不变(CV<15%,P>0.05)。
结论:饲料的存在会导致在奶牛唾液中测量的大多数分析物发生变化,当唾液用作样品时,考虑这个因素非常重要,以避免结果解释中的错误。
BACKGROUND: The effect in a sialochemistry profile of the presence of usually available feed in dairy cows was evaluated by an in vitro experiment. For this purpose, a pooled clean saliva from five healthy dairy cows was incubated five times with a standard feed based on a total mixed ration (F), wheat hay (H), and grass (G). The salivary panel was integrated by biomarkers of stress (cortisol -sCor-, salivary alpha-amylase -sAA-, butyrylcholinesterase -BChE-, total esterase -TEA-, and lipase -Lip-), immunity (adenosine deaminase -ADA-), oxidative status (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity -TEAC-, the ferric reducing ability of saliva -FRAS-, the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity -CUPRAC-, uric acid, and advanced oxidation protein products -AOPP-), and enzymes, proteins, and minerals of general metabolism and markers of liver, muscle, and renal damage (aspartate aminotransferase -AST-, alanine aminotransferase -ALP-, γ-glutamyl transferase -gGT-, lactate dehydrogenase -LDH-, creatine kinase -CK-, creatinine, urea, triglycerides, glucose, lactate, total protein, phosphorus, and total calcium).
RESULTS: Most of the evaluated analytes showed a coefficient of variations (CV) higher than 15% and/or significant changes compared with the clean saliva when feed was present. Some analytes, such as the oxidative status biomarkers (CV > 80%), AST (CV > 60%), or glucose (CV > 100%), showed significant changes with all the feed types tested. Others showed significant differences only with certain types of feed, such as LDH with F (CV > 60%) or triglycerides with F (CV > 100%) and H (CV > 95%). However, sCor or gGT remained unchanged (CV < 15%, P > 0.05) in all the treatments.
CONCLUSIONS: The presence of feed can produce changes in most of the analytes measured in cows\' saliva, being of high importance to consider this factor when saliva is used as a sample to avoid errors in the interpretation of the results.