目的:睡眠是运动恢复的关键组成部分,然而训练时间会影响运动员的睡眠。本研究的目的是比较不同训练时间组运动员的睡眠困难(清晨,白天,深夜,清晨加傍晚),并调查训练时间是否可以预测睡眠困难。
方法:在国家一级进行的各种运动的运动员(n=273)回答了运动员睡眠筛查问卷(ASSQ)以及其他一些与人口统计学相关的问卷,运动训练,和心理健康。从ASSQ,计算睡眠困难评分(SDS)。使用多个单向ANOVA在不同的训练时间类别中比较转化的SDS(tSDS)。然后使用逐步回归来预测来自各种睡眠相关因素的tSDS。
结果:SDS的范围为无(31%),轻度(38%),中等(22%),严重(9%)。然而,单向方差分析显示训练早晚与白天训练使tSDS朝负方向移动,睡眠难度增加的趋势。特别是,与白天训练相比,在深夜(>20:00或>21:00)训练的运动员的tSDS明显更高(分别为p=.03和p<.01)。回归模型(p<.001)使用抑郁评分解释了tSDS中27%的方差,年龄,培训时间,和时间型得分。
结论:在国家级运动员的异质性样本中,无论训练时间如何,31%的人都表现出中度至重度SDS。然而,当运动员在白天以外训练时,睡眠困难的患病率有增加的趋势。
OBJECTIVE: Sleep is a key component of athletic recovery, yet training times could influence the sleep of athletes. The aim of the current study was to compare sleep difficulties in athletes across different training time groups (early morning, daytime, late evening, early morning plus late evening) and to investigate whether training time can predict sleep difficulties.
METHODS: Athletes from various sports who performed at a national-level (n = 273) answered the Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) along with several other questionnaires related to demographics, exercise training, and mental health. From the ASSQ, a Sleep Difficulty Score (SDS) was calculated. Transformed SDS (tSDS) was compared across different training time categories using multiple one-way ANOVAs. A stepwise regression was then used to predict tSDS from various sleep-related factors.
RESULTS: SDSs ranged from none (31%), mild (38%), moderate (22%), and severe (9%). However, the one-way ANOVAs revealed training earlier or later vs. training daytime shifted the tSDS in a negative direction, a trend toward increased sleep difficulty. In particular, athletes training in the late evening (>20:00 or >21:00) had a significantly higher tSDS when compared to daytime training (p = .03 and p < .01, respectively). The regression model (p < .001) explained 27% of variance in the tSDS using depression score, age, training time, and chronotype score.
CONCLUSIONS: Among a heterogeneous sample of national-level athletes, 31% displayed moderate to severe SDSs regardless of their training time. However, when athletes trained outside daytime hours there was a tendency for the prevalence of sleep difficulties to increase.