■自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的发展可能源于暴露于重金属等环境污染物。这项研究的主要目的是确定关注的重金属的作用,如锰(Mn),镉(Cd),铅(Pb),砷(As),吉隆坡ASD儿童中的必需微量元素硒(Se),马来西亚。
■吉隆坡共有155名3至6岁的学龄前儿童参加了一项无与伦比的病例对照研究,包括从自闭症早期干预计划招募的ASD儿童(n=81),以及从公立幼儿园招募的74名没有自闭症的儿童。在家里采集尿样,送到研究现场,并在24小时内送到环境实验室.应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定样品中重金属的浓度。使用双变量统计检验(卡方检验和T检验)和逻辑回归模型分析数据。
■这项研究表明,Cd,Pb,与受ASD影响的儿童相比,无自闭症儿童的尿液水平明显更高(p<0.05)。ASD患儿与对照组之间的Se(p=0.659)和Mn(p=0.875)水平无显着差异。两组中的大多数儿童都有尿液As,Pb,Cd值低于15.1µg/dL,1.0µg/dL,和1.0µg/dL,分别是由于重金属暴露对人体健康造成非致癌性有害影响的最小风险值。与ASD孩子相关的因素包括长子,男性,和更高的父母教育水平(调整后的比值比(aOR)>1,p<0.05)。
■在这项研究中,学龄前儿童的尿液样本中重金属含量较低,与健康匹配的对照组相比,ASD儿童的相对较低。这些发现可能是由于排泄重金属的能力减弱,尤其是ASD儿童,从而导致体内重金属的进一步积累。这些发现,包括与拥有ASD孩子相关的因素,可能会由参与儿童发展护理的医疗保健专业人员考虑,用于早期ASD检测。进一步评估该国ASD儿童中的重金属,并进行干预研究以开发解决重金属暴露的有效方法,这将有助于将来参考。
UNASSIGNED: The development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may stem from exposure to environmental pollutants such as heavy metals. The primary objective of this study is to determine the role of heavy metals of concern such as manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and essential trace element selenium (Se) among ASD children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 155 preschoolers in Kuala Lumpur between the ages 3 to 6 participated in an unmatched case-control study, comprising ASD children (n = 81) recruited from an early intervention program for autism, and 74 children without autism who were recruited from public preschools. Urine samples were collected at home, delivered to the study site, and transported to the environmental lab within 24 hours. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to measure the concentration of heavy metals in the samples. Data were analysed using bivariate statistical tests (Chi-square and T-test) and logistic regression models.
UNASSIGNED: This study demonstrated that Cd, Pb, and As urine levels were significantly greater in children without autism relative to those affected with ASD (p < 0.05). No significant difference was in the levels of Se (p = 0.659) and Mn (p = 0.875) between children with ASD and the control group. The majority of children in both groups have urine As, Pb, and Cd values lower than 15.1 µg/dL, 1.0 µg/dL, and 1.0 µg/dL, respectively which are the minimal risk values for noncarcinogenic detrimental human health effect due to the heavy metal\'s exposure . Factors associated with having an ASD child included being a firstborn, male, and higher parental education levels (adjusted odds ratios (aOR) > 1, p < 0.05).
UNASSIGNED: Preschoolers in this study demonstrated low levels of heavy metals in their urine samples, which was relatively lower in ASD children compared to the healthy matched controls. These findings may arise from the diminished capacity to excrete heavy metals, especially among ASD children, thereby causing further accumulation of heavy metals in the body. These findings, including the factors associated with having an ASD child, may be considered by healthcare professionals involved in child development care, for early ASD detection. Further assessment of heavy metals among ASD children in the country and interventional studies to develop effective methods of addressing exposure to heavy metals will be beneficial for future reference.