(1)背景:预防牙釉质结构水平的脱矿质病变仍然是日常牙科实践中的挑战。当细菌影响pH水平时,这将降低到再矿化阈值以下,并且羟基磷灰石的解离将伴随着高比例的磷酸盐和钙损失。许多作者继续研究这些元素,以获得将导致其稳定在搪瓷结构水平的工作方案,从而防止脱盐过程。本研究的目的是通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量色散X射线光谱法(EDX)检查,评估和比较两种类型的激光波长对釉质表面形态和矿物成分的影响。(2)方法:本研究选择了30例因牙周原因从25-40岁的患者中提取的永久性门牙。金属支架(SS标准022插槽,OC正畸学,麦克明维尔,OR,97128,美国)粘合在每颗牙齿上。颊表面随机分配三个部分:A部分-阴性对照(无处理),B部分-用980nm镓-铝-砷二极管激光器处理(使用300µm光纤,输出功率为0.8W,能量密度为5.33J/mm2,在连续模式下,对于30s,在接触模式下垂直于搪瓷表面取向)(KaVoGENTLEray980二极管激光器,Kaltenbach&VoigtGmbH,比伯拉赫,德国),和C部分-用Nd:YAG激光处理(在距搪瓷表面1毫米的距离处以0.75W功率进行300µm的光纤,75mJ脉冲能量,脉冲重复频率为10Hz,5J/mm2流畅性,平均曝光时间为30s,和辅助水冷)(S处的地板,M021-5AF/1S,Fotonad.o.o,卢布尔雅那,斯洛文尼亚)。在这项研究中评估的元素是钙(Ca),磷酸盐(P),氧(O),碳(C)。单向方差分析,配对t检验,并使用Microsoft的SPSS19IBM统计软件包软件进行独立t检验以评估结果。(3)结果:对数据的评估表明,两个波长都使Cawt%增加(对于二极管激光器,辐照前Cawt%的平均值为21.06,而处理后达到28.24;对于Nd:YAG激光器,照射前Ca重量%的平均值为21.31,处理后达到33.88);980nm二极管激光器降低了Pwt%(从辐照前的17.20降低到辐照后的16.92),Nd:YAG激光器增加了Pwt%(从辐照前的17.46降低到辐照后的18.28)。这些结果显示了在p<0.05水平的统计学显著差异。(4)结论:可以得出结论,Nd:YAG辐照获得了牙釉质化学成分的最佳改善。
(1) Background: The prevention of demineralizing lesions at the enamel structure level continues to represent a challenge in daily dental practice. When bacteria influence the pH level, this will decrease below the threshold for remineralization and the dissociation of hydroxyapatite will occur with a high percentage of phosphate and calcium loss. These elements continue to be studied by many authors in order to obtain a working protocol that will lead to their stabilization at the level of the enamel structure, thus preventing the demineralization process. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the influence of two types of laser wavelengths on the surface morphology and mineral components of the enamel through an examination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). (2) Methods: Thirty permanent human incisors extracted for periodontal reasons from patients aged 25−40 years old were selected for this study. Metallic brackets (SS Standard 022 Slot, OC Orthodontics, McMinnville, OR, 97128, USA) were bonded onto each tooth. The buccal surface was randomly assigned three sections: Section A—negative control (no treatment), section B—treated with 980 nm Gallium−Aluminum−Arsenide diode laser (a 300 µm optic fiber was used with 0.8 W output power, energy density of 5.33 J/mm2, in continuous mode, for 30 s, oriented perpendicularly to the enamel surface in contact mode) (KaVo GENTLEray 980 Diode Laser, Kaltenbach & Voigt GmbH, Biberach, Germany), and section C—treated with Nd:YAG laser (a 300 µm fiber was carried out at a 1 mm distance from the enamel surface with 0.75 W power, 75 mJ pulse energy, pulse repetition rate of 10 Hz, 5 J/mm2 fluency, average exposure time of 30 s, and water cooling assisted) (LIGHTWALKER AT S, M021-5AF/1 S, Fotona d.o.o, Ljubljana, Slovenia). The elements evaluated in this study were calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), oxygen (O), and carbon (C). A one-way analysis of variance, paired t-tests, and independent t-tests were carried out to evaluate the results using the SPSS 19 IBM Statistical package software for Microsoft. (3) Results: The evaluation of the data indicated that both wavelengths produced an increase in Ca wt% (for diode laser the mean of Ca wt% before irradiation was 21.06, while that after treatment reached 28.24; and for Nd:YAG laser, the mean of Ca wt% before irradiation was 21.31, while that after treatment reached 33.88); as well, the 980 nm diode laser decreased P wt% (from 17.20 before irradiation to 16.92 after irradiation) and the Nd:YAG laser increased P wt% (from 17.46 before irradiation to 18.28 after irradiation). These results showed a statistically significant difference at the p < 0.05 level. (4) Conclusions: It can be concluded that the best improvement of enamel chemical composition was obtained with Nd:YAG irradiation.