毒素及其50多种类似物是一组天然存在的神经毒素,统称为麻痹性贝类毒素(PST)。PST对人类有毒,全球监管机构已实施了海鲜的最大法律限制。在欧盟,PST的监测使用AOAC官方方法2005.06进行,基于液相色谱与荧光检测(LC-FLD)。然而,该方法已被建议不能有效地检测新出现的C-11羟基(M-毒素)和苯甲酸盐(GC-毒素)类似物,这些类似物目前没有在监测项目中进行调查。在这项研究中,使用液相色谱-高分辨率质谱(LC-HRMS)方法来搜索贻贝中这些新兴的PST,Mytilusgalloprovincialis,在塔霍斯河口发生强烈的Gymnodiniumcatenatum开花后被污染(里斯本,葡萄牙)。五种M毒素(M1,M2,M6,dcM6和dcM10),但没有GC毒素,在贻贝全身软组织中检测到。此外,经典的PST(C1到C4,GTX4到GTX6,dcGTX1到dcGTX4,dcSTX,dcNEO,和STX)也被发现,构成了PST概况的最大部分。可食用贻贝样品中不受管制的PST的存在表明潜在的海鲜安全风险,并敦促进一步研究以确定这些类似物在海鲜中的频率及其对毒性的贡献。
Saxitoxin and its more than 50 analogues are a group of naturally occurring neurotoxins collectively designated as paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). PSTs are toxic to humans and maximum legal limits in seafood have been implemented by regulatory authorities worldwide. In the European Union, monitoring of PSTs is performed using the AOAC Official Method 2005.06, based on liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection (LC- FLD). However, this method has been suggested to not effectively detect the emerging C-11 hydroxyl (M-toxins) and benzoate (GC-toxins) analogues, with these analogues currently not being surveyed in monitoring programs. In this study, a liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method was used to search for these emerging PSTs in mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, contaminated following an intense Gymnodinium catenatum bloom in the Tagus estuary (Lisbon, Portugal). Five M-toxins (M1, M2, M6, dcM6, and dcM10), but no GC-toxins, were detected in the mussels\' whole-soft body tissue. Moreover, the classical PSTs (C1 to C4, GTX 4 to GTX6, dcGTX1 to dcGTX4, dcSTX, dcNEO, and STX) were also found and comprised the largest fraction of the PSTs\' profile. The presence of unregulated PSTs in edible mussel samples suggests potential seafood safety risks and urges further research to determine the frequency of these analogues in seafood and their contribution to toxicity.