目的:在化疗的副作用中,那里有味觉障碍,这是对味觉感知的改变或损害,对患者的生物心理社会领域产生负面影响。因此,重要的是要适当地认识和管理它。这项研究的目的是确定减少化疗患者味觉障碍的临床药理学策略。
方法:在2023年2月至5月期间,根据PRISMA指南,利用PubMed,Embase,科克伦图书馆,CINAHL,和英国护理数据库。使用JBI框架进行方法学质量和偏倚风险评估,而证据的确定性是使用牛津OCEBM方法进行评估的。
结果:在1225条咨询记录中,包括12篇文章。结果强调了多种药物干预措施在减轻化疗患者味觉障碍方面的功效。其中包括每日剂量在50至220毫克之间的锌补充剂(p≤0.005),乳铁蛋白每天250毫克三次(p<0.001),delta-9-四氢大麻酚每天2毫克(p<0.05),和大麻二酚,每天150毫克(p=0.04)。所有分析的研究都显示了低偏倚风险。锌和Delta-9-四氢大麻素治疗特别有前途,与考虑的其他治疗方法相比,其中样本量较小,安慰剂效应并不总是很清楚。
结论:在确定的各种药理策略中,那些似乎最有希望的关注锌和Delta-9-四氢大麻素的整合。未来的研究应进一步探索本综述中确定的治疗方法,以扩大这一相对未充分开发领域的证据基础。
OBJECTIVE: Among the side effects of chemotherapy, there is
dysgeusia, which is an alteration or damage to the taste perception that negatively impacts the biopsychosocial sphere of the patient. Therefore, it is important to recognize and manage it appropriately. The objective of this study is to identify clinical pharmacological strategies to reduce
dysgeusia in chemotherapy patients.
METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines between February and May 2023, utilizing PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and the British Nursing Database. Methodological quality and bias risk assessment were performed using the JBI framework, while evidence certainty was evaluated using the Oxford OCEBM methodology.
RESULTS: Out of 1225 consulted records, 12 articles were included. The results underscore the efficacy of diverse pharmacological interventions in mitigating
dysgeusia among chemotherapy patients. These include zinc supplementation with a daily dosage ranging between 50 and 220 mg (p ≤ 0.005), lactoferrin at 250 mg thrice daily (p < 0.001), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol at 2 mg per day (p < 0.05), and cannabidiol at 150 mg per day (p = 0.04). All studies analysed showed a low risk of bias. The zinc and Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinoid treatment proved particularly promising, compared to the other treatments considered, where sample sizes were smaller and the placebo effect was not always clear.
CONCLUSIONS: Among the various pharmacological strategies identified, those that appear most promising concern the integration of zinc and Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinoid. Future studies should further explore the treatments identified in this review to expand the evidence base in this relatively underexplored field.