BACKGROUND: Acceleration of tooth movement has gained remarkable attention during the last decade. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on en masse retraction of upper anterior teeth in adult women with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion.
METHODS: In this two-arm parallel trial, 36 women with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion were randomly divided into two equal groups. Eligibility criteria included class I Angle molar relationship, good general and oral health as well as no systemic disease or syndrome. Four temporary anchorage devices (TADs) were used in the upper and lower arches for anchorage purposes. A 0.019×0.025-inch stainless steel wire with crimped hooks just distal to the maxillary canines was inserted. Nickle titanium (NiTi) closed coil springs (200 g/side) were employed for en masse retraction following extraction of the first premolars. In the laser group (LG), retraction of the upper anterior teeth was done along with the application of LLLT on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 after extraction and then repeated biweekly until the end of retraction. Retraction was completed without LLLT application in the nonlaser group (NLG). Data concerning the rate of retraction as well as first molars and anterior positional changes were gained from digitized models and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans taken just before extraction and at the end of retraction. Treatment-associated pain and root resorption were evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) and CBCT scans, respectively.
RESULTS: Four patients dropped out prior to follow-up. The duration of retraction was 10.125 ± 2.876 and 13.643 ± 3.455 months in the LG and NLG, respectively. The LG showed a statistically significant faster rate of en masse retraction (0.833 ± 0.371 mm/month) compared to the NLG (0.526 ± 0.268 mm/month; P ≤ 0.035). The observed root resorption was significantly less in the LG (P ≤ 0.05) with comparable pain scores in both groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Within the constraints of the parameters of the LLLT used in the current study and despite the statistically significant results on the rate of en masse retraction and the associated root resorption, LLLT did not demonstrate a clinically relevant effect that justifies its use to enhance en masse retraction.
UNASSIGNED: Clinicaltrials.gov TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05183451 DATE OF REGISTRATION: January 10, 2022, \"Retrospectively registered\" URL OF TRIAL REGISTRY RECORD: https://www.
RESULTS: gov/study/NCT05183451.
UNASSIGNED: HINTERGRUND: Die beschleunigte Verschiebung von Zähnen ist in den letzten zehn Jahren deutlich in den Blickpunkt gerückt. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Wirkung einer Low-Level-Lasertherapie (LLLT) auf die En-masse-Retraktion der oberen Frontzähne bei erwachsenen Frauen mit bimaxillärer dentoalveolärer Protrusion zu untersuchen.
UNASSIGNED: In dieser zweiarmigen Parallelstudie wurden 36 Frauen mit bimaxillärer dentoalveolärer Protrusion randomisiert auf zwei gleiche Gruppen aufgeteilt. Zu den Einschlusskriterien gehörten eine Angle-Klasse-I-Molaren-Beziehung, ein guter allgemeiner wie oraler Gesundheitszustand und keine systemischen Krankheiten oder Syndrome. Zur Befestigung wurden 4 provisorische Verankerungen (TADs) in den oberen und unteren Bögen verwendet. Ein 0,019×0,025-Inch-Edelstahldraht mit aufgeklemmten Häkchen wurde knapp distal der Oberkiefereckzähne eingesetzt. Geschlossene Spiralfedern aus Nickel-Titan (NiTi; 200 g/Seite) wurden für die En-masse-Retraktion nach Extraktion der ersten Prämolaren verwendet. In der Lasergruppe (LG) wurde die Retraktion der oberen Frontzähne zusammen mit der Anwendung von LLLT an den Tagen 0, 3, 7 und 14 nach der Extraktion durchgeführt und dann alle 2 Wochen bis zum Ende der Retraktion wiederholt. In der Nicht-Laser-Gruppe (NLG) wurde die Retraktion ohne LLLT-Anwendung durchgeführt. Die Daten zur Retraktionsrate sowie zu den ersten Molaren und den Positionsveränderungen im Frontzahnbereich wurden anhand von digitalisierten Modellen und DVT(digitale Volumentomographie)-Aufnahmen unmittelbar vor der Extraktion und am Ende der Retraktion gewonnen. Behandlungsbedingte Schmerzen und Wurzelresorption wurden anhand der visuellen Analogskala (VAS) bzw. der DVT-Aufnahmen bewertet.
UNASSIGNED: Vier Patientinnen verließen die Studie vor der Nachuntersuchung. Die Dauer der Retraktion betrug 10,125 ± 2,876 bzw. 13,643 ± 3,455 Monate in der LG bzw. in der NLG. In der LG zeigte sich eine statistisch signifikant schnellere Rate der En-masse-Retraktion (0,833 ± 0,371 mm/Monat) als in der NLG (0,526 ± 0,268 mm/Monat; p ≤ 0,035). Die beobachtete Wurzelresorption war in der LG signifikant geringer (p ≤ 0,05), die Schmerzwerte in beiden Gruppen vergleichbar.
UNASSIGNED: Im Rahmen der Parameter der in der vorliegenden Studie verwendeten LLLT hat die LLLT trotz der statistisch signifikanten Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der Rate der En-masse-Retraktion und der damit verbundenen Wurzelresorption keine klinisch relevante Wirkung gezeigt, die ihre Anwendung zur Optimierung der En-masse-Retraktion rechtfertigt.
UNASSIGNED: Clinicaltrials.gov REGISTRIERUNGSNUMMER DER STUDIE: NCT05183451 DATUM DER REGISTRIERUNG: 10. Januar 2022, „nachträglich registriert“ URL DES REGISTEREINTRAGS DER STUDIE: https://www.
RESULTS: gov/study/NCT05183451.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to global health, leading to increased deaths from drug-resistant infections and escalates healthcare costs. Often termed a \"silent pandemic,\" AMR occurs when pathogens become resistant to antimicrobial drugs, enabling their proliferation and spread. Inappropriate antibiotic usage is a major contributor to this phenomenon, which also extends to fungal infections. In particular, the duration of antibiotic therapy is a crucial aspect, with evidence suggesting that prolonged use can heighten bacterial resistance and harm the human microbiota. In fact, studies comparing short-term versus long-term antibiotic therapies show no significant difference in traditional treatments. In addition, therapeutic drug monitoring allows personalized antibiotic regimens, optimizing dosage and duration to minimize resistance and adverse effects. As a result, clinicians should regularly reassess treatment effectiveness, utilizing techniques like antibiotic timeout and de-escalation therapy to avoid prolonged antibiotic use and mitigate resistance. All these strategies are crucial to prevent and counter the phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance.

Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/BV) as first-line therapy and lenvatinib (LEN) as second-line therapy are the recommended treatments for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Adverse immune events caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors (such as Atez) generally only occur several months after administration; therefore, the potential influence of the first-line treatment on second-line treatment is not clear. The present study investigated the safety of second-line LEN treatment (2nd LEN) by comparing the adverse events (AEs) of 2nd LEN after first-line Atez/BV treatment for unresectable liver cancer, with those of first-line LEN treatment (1st LEN). Patients who received Atez/BV as first-line therapy and 2nd LEN, or those who received 1st LEN at Ogaki Municipal Hospital (Ogaki, Japan) between April 2018 and September 2023 were retrospectively evaluated for treatment duration and AEs. The median treatment duration for patients in the 1st LEN (n=39) and 2nd LEN (n=13) groups was 151.0 days [95% confidence interval (CI) 77-303 days] and 128.5 days (95% CI 68-270 days), respectively (P=0.385). A greater proportion of patients showed elevated aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase levels in the 2nd LEN group (76.9%) compared with those in the 1st LEN group (46.2%) (P=0.016). Hypothyroidism was more common in those receiving 2nd LEN (46.2%) than 1st LEN (12.8%) (P=0.016). In addition, grade 1 (three patients) and grade 2 (three patients) hypothyroidism was observed in patients receiving 2nd LEN. For these six patients, during first-line Atez/BV treatment, four patients had grade 0 hypothyroidism and two patients had grade 1 hypothyroidism (P=0.025). In conclusion, patients receiving 2nd LEN after treatment with Atez/BV are at an increased risk of hypothyroidism.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and convenience of in-class transition (iCT) from intravenous bortezomib-based induction to ixazomib-based oral regimens.
METHODS: This retrospective real-world study was conducted in 16 Chinese hospitals between October 2017 and April 2023 and analyzed newly diagnosed (NDMM) and first-line relapsed multiple myeloma (FRMM) patients who attained at least a partial response from bortezomib-based induction therapy, followed by an ixazomib-based oral regimen for 2 year or until disease progression or intolerable toxicity.
RESULTS: The study enrolled 199 patients, median age: 63 years old, male 55.4%, 53% as high risk (HR), and 47% as standard risk. Cytogenetic risk stratification by metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH), based on the Mayo Clinic risk stratification system. The median duration of total PI therapy was 11 months, with ixazomib-based treatment spanning 6 months. At the 20-month median follow-up, 53% of patients remained on therapy. The 24-month PFS rate was 84.3% from the initiation of bortezomib-based induction and 83.4% from the start of ixazomib-based treatment. Overall response rate (ORR) was 100% post-bortezomib induction and 90% following 6 cycles of the ixazomib-based regimen. Based on the Sankey diagrams, 89.51% of patients maintained or improved their disease response after 2 cycles of iCT, 6 cycles (90.14%), and 12 cycles (80%). The HR level of Mayo was found to be a significant independent factor in a worse remission (hazard ratio (HR) 2.55; p = 0.033). Ixazomib\'s safety profile aligned with previous clinical trial data, with 49% of patients experiencing at least one AE of any grade. The most common AEs included peripheral neuropathy, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, and granulocytopenia.
CONCLUSIONS: In the real-world Chinese MM population, NDMM and FRMM patients responded favorably to PI-based continuous therapy, demonstrating substantial response rates. The ixazomib-based iCT allows for sustained PI-based treatment, offering promising efficacy and tolerable AEs.

Chronic rhinosinusitis is one of the most common chronic diseases in the population. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in adults is predominantly characterized by a type 2 inflammatory endotype. If sufficient control cannot be achieved through primary drug therapy, surgical intervention is usually recommended as the next stage of treatment. Nowadays, various biologics are available that have been or will be approved for use in these patients. This review summarizes the presentations from the 29th Congress of the European Rhinologic Society in Sofia 2023 and the latest findings on decision-making in the treatment of CRSwNP. Standard therapy with medication and sinus surgery fails in some patients with CRSwNP. Biologics that act on the type 2 inflammatory pathway led to a reduction in the nasal polyp score (NPS), an improvement in nasal obstruction, and an improvement in quality of life without significant side effects. Biomarkers such as total IgE, serum eosinophils, and Osteoprotegerin (OPG) can provide indications of the success of the treatment. In summary, it can be said that for many patients with recurrent CRSwNP, a combination of paranasal sinus surgery and treatment with a biologic that is precisely tailored to the patient\'s endotype is the best option. However, the question of which surgical approach and which biologic at which time and for which patient is still ongoing and requires further studies.
UNASSIGNED: Die chronische Rhinosinusitis ist eine der häufigsten chronischen Erkrankungen in der Bevölkerung. Die chronische Rhinosinusitis mit Nasenpolypen (CRSwNP) bei Erwachsenen ist überwiegend durch einen entzündlichen Endotyp vom Typ 2 gekennzeichnet. Wenn keine ausreichende Kontrolle durch die primäre medikamentöse Therapie erreicht werden kann, wird als nächste Therapiestufe i. d. R. ein chirurgischer Eingriff empfohlen. Inzwischen stehen verschiedene Biologika zur Verfügung, die für den Einsatz bei diesen Patient:innen zugelassen wurden oder werden. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die Vorträge vom 29. Kongress der European Rhinologic Society in Sofia 2023 und die neuesten Erkenntnisse zur Entscheidungsfindung bei der Behandlung der CRSwNP zusammengefasst. Die Standardtherapie mit Medikamenten und Nasennebenhöhlenoperationen versagt bei einigen Patient:innen mit CRSwNP. Biologika, die auf den Entzündungsweg des Typs 2 einwirken, führten zu einer Verringerung des Nasal Polyp Score (NPS), einer Verbesserung der nasalen Obstruktion und einer Verbesserung der Lebensqualität ohne wesentliche Nebenwirkungen. Biomarker wie das Gesamt-IgE, die Eosinophilen im Serum und das Osteoprotegerin (OPG) können Hinweise auf den Therapieerfolg geben. Zusammenfassend kann man sagen, dass für viele Patient:innen mit einer rezidivierenden CRSwNP eine Kombination aus Nasennebenhöhlenchirurgie und der Therapie mit einem Biologikum, welches genau auf den Endotyp der Patient:innen abgestimmt ist, die optimale Behandlungsstrategie sein wird. Die Frage, welcher chirurgische Ansatz und welches Biologikum zu welchem Zeitpunkt und für welche Patient:in, ist jedoch noch nicht abgeschlossen und bedarf weiterer Studien.

OBJECTIVE: In recent years, the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) has been reported as a predictor of prognosis in many patients with cancer. This study investigated the association of preoperative GNRI with the occurrence of adverse events and duration of treatment with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CAPOX), a postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, in 59 patients with colorectal cancer from September 2019 to April 2022.
METHODS: A cut-off value of 100.9 was used to categorize patients into high and low GNRI groups.
RESULTS: The incidence of grade ≥2 leukopenia (p=0.03), and all grades peripheral neuropathy (p=0.04) were significantly more frequent in the low GNRI group. Analysis of factors influencing treatment duration by univariate and multivariate Cox regression proportional hazards models showed a significant difference in GNRI (p=0.0097).
CONCLUSIONS: GNRI, a nutritional indicator assessed before the start of treatment, influences the occurrence of adverse events and duration of treatment with CAPOX as adjuvant chemotherapy. To complete CAPOX therapy, preoperatively, it is important to assess the patients\' nutritional status using the GNRI and to actively intervene in nutritional therapy.

OBJECTIVE: Studying the duration of treatment in patients with temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction syndrome, and the relationship of the duration of treatment with the age of the patient at the beginning of therapy.
METHODS: The study was carried out using information from medical records of dental patients, information from additional examinations of patients who were treated at the National Medical Research Centre for Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Ministry of Health of Russia from 2016 to 2022. Statistical research methods: to evaluate the normality of the distribution, graphical methods were used, as well as the Shapiro-Wilk criterion.
RESULTS: The duration of splint therapy in patients with temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction syndrome varied from 4 to 27 months. The average duration of treatment of patients using occlusive splints was 10.5±5.3 months. Without abnormal observations, the average duration of splint therapy in patients with TMJ pain syndrome was 9.6±4.1 months. The obtained data allow stating the absence of a correlation between the age of patients and the duration of splint-therapy.
CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients (68.4%) complete the splint therapy stage within 1 year, and a very small part (1.8%) are treated for more than 1.5 years. The duration of treatment of patients with temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction syndrome does not depend on age or gender.
UNASSIGNED: Изучение сроков лечения у пациентов с синдромом болевой дисфункции височно-нижнечелюстного сустава (БД ВНЧС), а также связи сроков лечения с возрастом пациента на момент начала лечения.
UNASSIGNED: Исследование было проведено с использованием сведений медицинских карт стоматологических больных, данных дополнительных обследований пациентов, которые проходили лечение в клинике ФГБУ НМИЦ «ЦНИИС и ЧЛХ» Минздрава России с 2016 по 2022 г. Статистические методы исследования: для оценки нормальности распределения применялись графические методы, а также критерий Шапиро—Уилка. Для проверки взаимосвязи возраста пациентов и сроков лечения была построена диаграмма рассеяния и вычислен коэффициент корреляции рангов Спирмена.
UNASSIGNED: Продолжительность сплинт-терапии у пациентов с синдромом БД ВНЧС варьировала от 4 до 27 мес. Средний срок лечения пациентов с применением окклюзионных шин составил 10,5±5,3 мес. Без аномальных наблюдений средняя продолжительность сплинт-терапии пациентов с синдромом БД ВНЧС составила 9,6±4,1 мес. Полученные данные позволяют констатировать отсутствие корреляционной зависимости между возрастом пациентов и продолжительностью этапа сплинт-терапии.
UNASSIGNED: Большая часть пациентов (68,4%) завершает этап сплинт-терапии в течение 1 года, и очень небольшая часть (1,8%) лечатся дольше 1,5 года. Продолжительность лечения пациентов с синдромом БД ВНЧС не зависит ни от возраста, ни от пола.

The article presents performance indicators of the capital day hospitals for the period from 2017 to 2022. The analysis has identified a high demand for this type of medical services in Moscow. A separate analysis focused on indicators of day hospitals subordinate to the Moscow Healthcare Department deployed at outpatient (polyclinic) medical facilities, as well as institutions providing inpatient care. The bed capacity structure and number of treated diseases by pediatric and adult population have been analyzed in detail. The study has identified main trends in dynamics in a number of indicators characterizing the development of hospital-replacing forms of care delivery in Moscow in recent years. The study is based on of the Federal statistical observation form # 14 - DS «Information on day hospital performance in medical organizations».

The aim was to analyse the costs and duration of orthodontic-surgical treatment with mandibular advancement in the public health care sector in Finland.
The study was conducted as a retrospective registry study in a public district hospital on all nonsyndromic patients that were ethnic Finns and treated with full fixed appliances and mandibular advancement surgery in 2016-2020.
The mean treatment duration of the included 45 patients was 28.1 months, including 18.9 months pre and 9.2 months postoperative orthodontics. The median number of visits was 27, including 17 visits before and 9 visits after surgery. The mean total treatment time was 14.5 h. The mean total direct costs per course of treatment were 7574 € to the municipality and 947 € to the patient. The costs positively correlated with the duration of the treatment (rho = 0.71, P = .000), but were not associated to gender or age of patient. The mean surgery time was 78 minutes, and significantly less with an experienced surgeon (P = .002). It was calculated that the mean minimum treatment costs would be 45% of the present total, achievable with a patient with optimum dental arches at the start of treatment.
The major limitation of the study is the relatively small number of study subjects.
A 55% share of the costs is influenced by case- and operator-dependent factors. This indicates that the complexity and performance of the orthodontic phases of treatment are important determinants in the cost structure.

The evaluation of staging and activity of invasive fungal infection (IFI) is used to adjust the type and duration of antifungal therapy (AT). Typically anatomy-based imaging is used. Positron emission tomography/CT with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG PET/CT) not only evaluates more than one body area in one session, but adds functional information to the anatomic data provided by usual imaging techniques and can potentially improve staging of IFI and monitoring of the response to therapy. Our objective is to analyse the impact of the systematic use of 18F-FDG PET/CT in IFI diagnostic and therapeutic management.
Multicentre prospective cohort study of IFI with performance of systematic 18F-FDG PET/CT at diagnosis and follow-up that will be carried out in 14 Spanish tertiary hospitals. It is planned to include 224 patients with IFI over a 2-year study period. Findings and changes in management before and after 18F-FDG PET/CT will be compared. Additionally, the association of initial quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters with response to therapy will be evaluated.The primary endpoint is to compare the yield of 18F-FDG PET/CT with standard management without 18F-FDG PET/CT in IFI at initial assessment (staging) and in monitoring the response to treatment.The impact of the results of 18F-FDG PET/CT on the diagnostic-therapeutic management of patients with IFI (added value), as well as the prognostic ability of different quantification parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT will be secondary endpoints.
The Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital approved the protocol of the study at the primary site. We plan to publish the results in high-impact journals.
NCT05688592.