量化替代抽样方法的成本效益对于有效监测生物多样性和检测人口趋势至关重要。在这项研究中,我们比较了三种新颖的采样方法的成本效益,用于检测考拉(Phascolarctoscinereus)占有率的变化:热无人机,被动录音机和相机捕获。具体来说,我们将单季节入住率检测模型拟合到新南威尔士州八个生物区46个地点记录的数据,澳大利亚,2018年至2022年。我们探索了天气变量对每种方法的每日检测概率的影响,使用这些估计,计算出检测30%的统计能力,考拉入住率下降了50%和80%。我们计算了站点(1-200)和重复调查(2-40)的不同组合的功率,并开发了一个成本模型,该模型发现了最便宜的调查设计,可实现80%的检测变化的能力。平均而言,与25公顷的无人机调查飞行(0.28,95%0.15,0.48)或24小时由6台摄像机组成的摄像机捕捉(0.019,95%CI:0.014,0.025)相比,考拉在24小时的声学调查(0.32,95%CI:0.26,0.39)中的可探测性最高。我们发现了所有三种方法的检测概率与气温之间的负二次关系。我们的电力和成本分析表明,对148个地点进行了14天的声学记录仪的调查,这将是最便宜的方法,可以充分检测到80%电力的占用率下降30%。与摄像机或无人机相比,我们建议将被动声音记录器作为监测考拉占用情况的最有效采样方法。当监测目标是检测考拉丰度随时间的变化时,需要进一步的比较研究来比较这些方法和其他方法的相对有效性。
Quantifying the cost-effectiveness of alternative sampling methods is crucial for efficient biodiversity monitoring and detection of population trends. In this study, we compared the cost-effectiveness of three novel sampling methods for detecting changes in koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) occupancy: thermal
drones, passive acoustic recorders and camera trapping. Specifically, we fitted single-season occupancy-detection models to data recorded from 46 sites in eight bioregions of New South Wales, Australia, between 2018 and 2022. We explored the effect of weather variables on daily detection probability for each method and, using these estimates, calculated the statistical power to detect 30%, 50% and 80% declines in koala occupancy. We calculated power for different combinations of sites (1-200) and repeat surveys (2-40) and developed a cost model that found the cheapest survey design that achieved 80% power to detect change. On average, detectability of koalas was highest with one 24-h period of acoustic surveys (0.32, 95% CI\'s: 0.26, 0.39) compared to a 25-ha flight of drone surveys (0.28, 95% 0.15, 0.48) or a 24-h period of camera trapping consisting of six cameras (0.019, 95% CI\'s: 0.014, 0.025). We found a negative quadratic relationship between detection probability and air temperature for all three methods. Our power and cost analysis suggested that 148 sites surveyed with acoustic recorders deployed for 14 days would be the cheapest method to sufficiently detect a 30% decline in occupancy with 80% power. We recommend passive acoustic recorders as the most efficient sampling method for monitoring koala occupancy compared to cameras or
drones. Further comparative studies are needed to compare the relative effectiveness of these methods and others when the monitoring objective is to detect change in koala abundance over time.