Abstract：
As we strive towards the ambitious goal of malaria elimination, we must embrace integrated strategies and interventions. Like many diseases, malaria is heterogeneously distributed. This inherent spatial component means that geography and geospatial data is likely to have an important role in malaria control strategies. For instance, focussing interventions in areas where malaria risk is highest is likely to provide more cost-effective malaria control programmes. Equally, many malaria vector control strategies, particularly interventions like larval source management, would benefit from accurate maps of malaria vector habitats - sources of water that are used for malarial mosquito oviposition and larval development. In many landscapes, particularly in rural areas, the formation and persistence of these habitats is controlled by geographical factors, notably those related to hydrology. This is especially true for malaria vector species like Anopheles funestsus that show a preference for more permanent, often naturally occurring water sources like small rivers and spring-fed ponds. Previous work has embraced geographical concepts, techniques, and geospatial data for studying malaria risk and vector habitats. But there is much to be learnt if we are to fully exploit what the broader geographical discipline can offer in terms of operational malaria control, particularly in the face of a changing climate. This chapter outlines potential new directions related to several geographical concepts, data sources and analytical approaches, including terrain analysis, satellite imagery, drone technology and field-based observations. These directions are discussed within the context of designing new protocols and procedures that could be readily deployed within malaria control programmes, particularly those within sub-Saharan Africa, with a particular focus on experiences in the Kilombero Valley and the Zanzibar Archipelago, United Republic of Tanzania.
摘要：
在我们努力实现消除疟疾的宏伟目标时，我们必须接受综合战略和干预措施。像许多疾病一样，疟疾是异质分布的。这种固有的空间组成部分意味着地理和地理空间数据可能在疟疾控制策略中发挥重要作用。例如,将干预措施集中在疟疾风险最高的地区，可能会提供更具成本效益的疟疾控制方案。同样,许多疟疾病媒控制策略，特别是像幼虫源管理这样的干预措施，将受益于准确的疟疾病媒栖息地地图-用于疟疾蚊子产卵和幼虫发育的水源。在许多景观中，特别是在农村地区，这些栖息地的形成和持久性受地理因素控制，尤其是那些与水文学有关的。对于疟疾媒介物种尤其如此，如按蚊funestsus，它们显示出更永久的偏好，通常是自然发生的水源，如小河和春季池塘。以前的工作已经接受了地理概念，技术,和地理空间数据，用于研究疟疾风险和媒介栖息地。但是，如果我们要充分利用更广泛的地理学科在疟疾控制方面所能提供的知识，尤其是面对不断变化的气候。本章概述了与几个地理概念相关的潜在新方向，数据源和分析方法，包括地形分析，卫星图像,无人机技术和野外观测。在设计可以很容易地在疟疾控制方案中部署的新方案和程序的背景下讨论了这些方向，特别是撒哈拉以南非洲地区，特别关注基隆贝罗山谷和桑给巴尔群岛的经验，坦桑尼亚联合共和国。
