OBJECTIVE: Dissociative symptoms are both a pathological consequence of exposure to psychological trauma as well as a side effect of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist medications; therefore, accurate and valid assessment of these symptoms is important. The psychometric properties of the 23-item Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS) have been characterized in the ketamine and esketamine literatures. Here, we examine its performance in a sample with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a history of exposure to psychological trauma.
METHODS: Participants with a history of psychological trauma with (N = 148) and without (N = 100) the diagnosis of PTSD and healthy participants without a psychiatric disorder or history of trauma (N = 28) were assessed with the 23-item CADSS and other psychometric and neuropsychological assessments. Analyses were performed to examine internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, factor structure, differential performance in populations reported to be more or less likely to report dissociative symptoms (e.g., patients with and without PTSD), and sensitivity to change resulting from exposure to trauma-related sights and sounds.
RESULTS: The 23-item CADSS was found to have high internal consistency (Cronbach\'s alpha 0.91) and a single-factor structure. CADSS total scores in trauma-exposed participants with PTSD were higher than those in trauma-exposed participants without PTSD and non-traumatized non-PTSD participants. Finally, veterans with Iraq combat-related PTSD showed a significant increase in CADSS total score after exposure to combat-related slides and sounds.
CONCLUSIONS: The 23-item CADSS, already validated as a tool to measure dissociation related to administration of NMDA receptor antagonist medication, performs in a reliable and valid manner in the assessment of dissociation in psychologically traumatized participants.

The use of music as an aid to recovery during and after exercise is an area of growing scientific interest. We investigated the effects of in-task, asynchronous music and respite-active music (i.e., music used for active recovery in between high-intensity exercise bouts) on a range of psychological, psychophysical and psychophysiological outcomes. Participants (N = 28; 14 females) made five laboratory visits for: (a) pre-test/familiarisation; (b) fast-tempo music during supramaximal exercise bouts and medium-tempo during active-recovery periods; (c) fast-tempo during exercise and no music during recovery; (d) no music during exercise and medium-tempo during recovery; and (e) a no-music (throughout) control. A cycle ergometer-based HIIT protocol comprising 6 × 60-s bouts at 100% Wmax with 75-s active recovery was administered. Measures were taken at the end of supramaximal bouts and active recovery periods (RPE, state attention, core affect, state motivation), then upon cessation of the protocol (remembered pleasure and exercise enjoyment). Heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) measures were taken throughout. The music manipulations only had an effect on state motivation, which was higher (p = .036) in the fast tempo-medium tempo condition compared to no-music control (Cohen\'s d = 0.49), and the SDNN component of HRV, which was lower (p = .007) in the fast tempo-no music condition compared to control (Cohen\'s d = 0.32). Collectively, the present findings do not support any of the study hypotheses regarding the music-related manipulations, and do not concur with the findings of related studies (e.g., Karageorghis et al., 2021). The unexpected results are discussed with reference to extant theory, and recommendations are offered in regard to music-related applications.

UNASSIGNED: The Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS) is a brief transdiagnostic screener that covers a broad range of trauma-related disorders as well as risk factors known to influence the course of symptoms.
UNASSIGNED: We analyzed data from African war refugees in Australia (n = 70), including the GPS, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders (SCID-5), the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5), and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS).
UNASSIGNED: Using the Youden\'s J Index to examine the clinical validity of the GPS subscales measuring PTSD, dissociation, depression, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), we found that a PTSD subscale score of 3 or higher, and a depression and dissociation subscale score of 1 or higher, was optimally efficient for detecting a probable diagnosis (Youden\'s J = 0.76, J = 0.72, and J = 0.90, respectively) with high sensitivity and specificity. We were unable to test the GPS clinical validity for GAD due to the low GAD occurrence. The GPS resilience item was not related to the total score (r = 0.02), indicating low convergent validity for resilience. Risk factors, including current stressors and childhood trauma history, were related to more severe GPS symptom scores, while lack of resilience, social support, and history of mental illness were not.
UNASSIGNED: We conclude that the GPS may be a useful screening tool for PTSD, depression, and the dissociative subtype in refugees.

From the perspective of a poet and first-year psychoanalytic training candidate, this paper develops Jeremy Safran\'s ideas about the dialectic between psychoanalysis and Buddhism by drawing an analogy between their processes and those of a poetry practice to define an alternative to pathological dissociation under capitalist systems of value. The paper details the writer\'s experience of working a day job in an office and the pathological dissociation which she subsequently attempts to overcome and critique through writing poetry. Various poems written at work are shared and analyzed as evidence. Drawing from Safran\'s edited volume, Psychoanalysis and Buddhism, the author then identifies aspects of Zen Buddhist meditation practice and the psychoanalytic process that focus on connecting with reality, however conflicted, as opposed to escaping it. This paper was written under the mentorship of the psychoanalyst and Zen teacher Barry Magid.

The mechanism of Y on H/H2 adsorption performance of Mg17Al12 were studied by the density functional theory. We obtained that for the Y-adsorbed systems, Y tended to occupy on the bridge site between adjacent Mg atoms. For the Y-substituted surfaces, Y atoms inclined to replace Mg atoms on the surfaces. We found that hydrogen (H/H2) absorption on the Mg17Al12(110) systems were improved by adding Y, the order of adsorption energy was as follows: clean Mg17Al12(110) > the Y-substituted surfaces > the Y-adsorbed surfaces. In addition, H2 molecules could dissociate on the Y-containing systems without barrier energy. Electronic properties showed that for H2 adsorption, the s states of atomic H mainly hybridized with the d states of Y. The formations of the Y-H bonds and the interactions between Y and H atoms could expound the mechanism for the promoted hydrogenation performance of the Y-containing surfaces.

There are no studies that have experimentally tested how temporal integration/segregation of sensory inputs might be linked to the emergence of dissociative experiences and alterations of emotional functioning. Thirty-six participants completed 3 sensory integration tasks. Psychometric thresholds were estimated as indexes of temporal integration/segregation processes. We collected self-report measures of pre-task trait levels of dissociation, as well as pre- post-task changes in both dissociation and emotionality. An independent sample of 21 subjects completed a control experiment administering the Attention Network Test. Results showed: (i) a significant increase of dissociative experiences after the completion of sensory integration tasks, but not after the ANT task; (ii) that subjective thresholds predicted the emergence of dissociative states; (iii) temporal integration efforts affected positive emotionality, which was explained by the extent of task-dependent dissociative states. The present findings reveal that dissociation could be understood in terms of an imbalance between \"hyper-segregation\" and \"hyper-integration\" processes.

The first purpose of this study was to determine the course of dissociation among patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and personality-disordered comparison subjects (OPD) over 24 years of prospective follow-up. The second purpose was to determine clinically meaningful predictors of dissociation among patients with BPD. The Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) was administered to 290 patients with BPD and 72 personality-disordered comparison subjects at baseline, and then once every two years over 24 years of prospective follow-up. Baseline predictors were assessed with the Revised Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (CEQ-R), the SCID-I, and the Shipley Institute of Living Scale. Time-varying predictors were assessed at baseline and every subsequent two years by means of the Abuse History Interview (AHI). Patients with BPD had higher baseline dissociation scores than personality-disordered comparison subjects. Whilst dissociation decreased significantly over time for both patient groups, the BPD group showed a steeper decline. Severity of childhood sexual abuse, adult history of rape, adult history of partner violence, and IQ were multivariate predictors of dissociation among patients with BPD. Taken together, the present findings suggest that a combination of interpersonal trauma exposure and cognitive abilities may contribute to the severity of dissociation in adult patients with BPD.

ABSTRACTBackground: Trauma can give rise to mental health problems and emotional and interpersonal difficulties, which in turn can perpetuate the cycle of trauma and adversity for future generations. However, little is known about the prevalence and potential effects of trauma and trauma-related mental health problems among parents.Objective: The primary goal of this study was to examine childhood and adulthood trauma and trauma-related symptoms among mothers of children aged between 6 and 18. We also conducted exploratory analyses of their potential relationship with children\'s emotional and behavioural problems.Method: A total of 817 mothers living with a child aged between 6 and 18 in Taiwan completed standardized self-report assessments of trauma exposure, trauma-related symptoms, and children\'s emotional and behavioural problems. A subsample (n = 256) also provided follow-up data after six months.Results: Most surveyed mothers reported at least one childhood traumatic event (74.79%) and one adulthood traumatic event (78.70%); 4.4% met the ICD-11 criteria for PTSD, and 12.1% for complex PTSD; 11.4% reported clinically significant dissociative symptoms. Mothers\' complex PTSD and dissociative symptoms were cross-sectionally correlated with children\'s emotional and behavioural problem (rs = .186 to .239, p < .001). After controlling for possible confounding variables and baseline scores, mothers\' childhood non-betrayal trauma reported at baseline was found to be a predictor of children\'s emotional and behavioural problems reported at follow up.Conclusion: This study is the first to provide data regarding childhood and adulthood trauma and trauma-related disorders, including ICD-11 complex PTSD, among mothers in the community. It calls for more studies to understand the potential effects of intergenerational trauma.
Trauma-related symptoms are common among mothers.Mothers’ childhood non-betrayal trauma predicted children\'s problems.Intergenerational trauma warrants recognition as a public health concern.

The author presents a long analysis of a patient, Giulia, whose obstinate will to achieve evokes the workings of alchemical sulphur at its fieriest and a dread of its coniunctio with alchemical salt. Jung\'s description of these symbols in Mysterium Coniunctionis offers a useful imaginal perspective to clinical work in the area of compulsion and its possible transformations. Right from the start, the analytic relationship appeared to be mirrored and affected by this alchemical perspective. However, it was only after much time, uncertainty and emotional endurance that a fuller psychological experience of sulphur and salt could be accessed, allowing the analysis to take a more imaginative and mercurial turn. In the course of his work with Giulia the author has witnessed and experienced a range of intense affects-the many colours that the combustion of sulphur can generate-whether on the verge of unstoppable creation or ruthless destruction, often of archetypal intensity. This experience has been lived through and has undergone a transformative relation with salt, which until then had lived a dissociated existence in the fixed trauma of the compulsion and in a nocturnal underworld of tears.
L\'auteur présente la longue analyse d\'une patiente, Giulia, dont la volonté obstinée de réussir fait penser à l\'activité du soufre alchimique à son point le plus ardent et à la crainte terrible de son coniunctio avec le sel alchimique. La description que fait Jung de ces symboles dans Mysterium Coniunctionis fournit une perspective imaginale qui est utile pour le travail clinique dans le domaine de la compulsion et de ses transformations possibles. Dès le début, la relation analytique semblait être reflétée et affectée par cette perspective alchimique. Cependant, ce fut seulement après beaucoup de temps, d\'incertitude et d\'endurance émotionnelle qu\'une expérience psychologique plus complète du soufre et du sel a pu être atteinte, ce qui a permis à l\'analyse de prendre une tournure plus imaginative et plus mercurienne. Durant son travail avec Giulia l\'auteur a été témoin et a éprouvé un éventail d\'affects intenses – les multiples couleurs que la combustion du souffre peut générer – que ce soit au bord d\'une création irrésistible ou d\'une destruction impitoyable, souvent d\'une intensité archétypale. Cette expérience a été traversée et a subi une relation transformative avec le sel, qui jusqu\'alors avait vécu une existence dissociée dans le traumatisme figé de la compulsion et dans les enfers nocturnes des larmes.
Der Autor präsentiert eine lange Analyse einer Patientin, Giulia, deren hartnäckiger Leistungswille die Wirkung von alchemistischem Schwefel in seiner feurigsten Form und eine Angst vor seiner coniunctio mit alchemistischem Salz hervorruft. Jungs Beschreibung dieser Symbole in Mysterium Coniunctionis bietet eine nützliche denkbare Perspektive für die klinische Arbeit im Bereich des Zwanges und seiner möglichen Veränderungen. Von Anfang an schien die analytische Beziehung von dieser alchemistischen Perspektive gespiegelt und beeinflußt zu sein. Doch erst nach viel Zeit, Ungewißheit und emotionaler Ausdauer gelang es, eine umfassendere psychologische Erfahrung von Schwefel und Salz zu erlangen, was der Analyse eine fantasievollere und lebhaftere Wendung ermöglichte. Im Laufe seiner Arbeit mit Giulia hat der Autor eine Reihe intensiver Affekte gesehen und erlebt – die vielen Farben, die die Verbrennung von Schwefel erzeugen kann – ob am Rande einer unaufhaltsamen Schöpfung oder einer rücksichtslosen Zerstörung, oft von archetypischer Intensität. Diese Erfahrung wurde durchlebt und erfuhr eine transformative Beziehung mit Salz, das bis dahin ein dissoziiertes Dasein im fixierten Trauma des Zwanges und in einer nächtlichen Unterwelt der Tränen geführt hatte.
L\'autore presenta una lunga analisi di una paziente, Giulia, il cui desiderio ostinato di raggiungere degli obiettivi evoca il funzionamento dello zolfo alchemico nella sua forma più feroce ed il terrore della sua coniunctio con il sale alchemico. La descrizione di Jung di questi simboli in Mysterium Coniunctionis offre una prospettiva utile al lavoro clinico nell\'area della compulsione e delle sue possibili trasformazioni. Fin dall\'inizio, la relazione analitica sembrava rispecchiata e influenzata da questa prospettiva alchemica. Tuttavia, è stato solo dopo molto tempo, incertezza e persistenza che si è potuto accedere a un\'esperienza psicologica di zolfo e sale più completa, permettendo all\'analisi di prendere una piega più immaginativa e mercuriale. Nel corso del suo lavoro con Giulia, l\'autore ha osservato e sperimentato una serie di affetti intensi – i molti colori che la combustione dello zolfo può generare – sia sull\'orlo di una creazione inarrestabile che di una distruzione spietata, spesso di intensità archetipica. Questa esperienza è stata vissuta a fondo ed ha attraversato una relazione trasformativa con il sale, che fino ad allora aveva vissuto un\'esistenza dissociata nel trauma fissato nella compulsione ed in un mondo notturno di lacrime.
Автор описывает длительный анализ пациентки Джулии, чье упорное стремление к достижениям вызывает ассоциацию с жгучей едкостью алхимической серы и ужасные последствия при ее конъюнкции с алхимической солью. Юнг описал эти символы в книге “Mysterium Coniunctionis“, обогатив содержащей ценные образы моделью клиническую работу с навязчивыми состояниями и их возможной трансформацией. Эта алхимическая метафора, по‐видимому, с самого начла проявлялась в аналитических отношениях и воздействовала на них. Однако потребовалось довольно много времени, эмоциональной выдержки и пребывания в состоянии неопределенности, чтобы появилось более целостное психологическое переживание серы и соли, что позволило сделать анализ более меркурианским и задействующим воображение. В процессе работы с Джулией автор наблюдал и испытывал на себе целый ряд ярких аффектов (цветового многообразия, которым может сопровождаться взрывное горение серы), часто архетипической интенсивности – на грани либо неудержимого созидания, либо безжалостного разрушения. Эти переживания были прожиты и подвергнуты трансформирующему соединению с солью, которая прежде оставалась диссоциированной в застывшей травме навязчивости и ночном подземном мире слез.
El autor presenta un largo análisis de una paciente, Giulia, cuya obstinada voluntad de logro evoca el funcionamiento del azufre alquímico en su forma más ardiente y el temor a su coniunctio con la sal alquímica. La descripción que Jung hace de estos símbolos en Mysterium Coniunctionis ofrece una perspectiva imaginal útil para el trabajo clínico en el ámbito de la compulsión y sus posibles transformaciones. Desde el principio, la relación analítica pareció reflejarse y verse afectada por esta perspectiva alquímica. Sin embargo, fue sólo después de mucho tiempo, incertidumbre y resistencia emocional que pudo accederse a una más plena experiencia psicológica de azufre y sal, lo cual permitió que el análisis tomara un giro más imaginativo y mercurial. En el transcurso de su trabajo con Giulia, el autor ha sido testigo y ha experimentado una gama de intensas emociones ‐los múltiples colores que puede generar la combustión del azufre‐, ya sea al borde de una creación imparable o de una destrucción despiadada, a menudo de intensidad arquetípica. Esta experiencia pudo ser atravesada y ha experimentado una relación transformadora con la sal, la cual hasta entonces había vivido una existencia disociada en la fijeza compulsiva del trauma y en un submundo nocturno de lágrimas.
在对强迫症工作时硫与盐的情绪力量 作者对一位名叫朱利亚的病人进行了长时间的分析, 她顽固的意志让人联想到炼金术中最炽热的硫磺的作用, 以及对硫磺与炼金术中的盐的结合的恐惧。荣格在神秘参与中中对这些象征的描述, 为强迫症及其临床转化的可能性的工作提供了一个有用的带有想象力的视角。 从一开始, 分析关系似乎就受到这种炼金术观点的映射和影响。然而, 只有经过漫长的时间、经过对不确定性和情感的忍耐, 才能获得对硫和盐的更全面的心理体验, 从而使分析变得更具想象力和水银性的转变。 在与朱利亚合作的过程中, 作者目睹并体验了一系列强烈的情感‐‐硫燃烧所能产生的多种色彩‐‐无论是发生在濒临不可阻挡的创造中, 还是面临无情的毁灭中, 这些体验往往都具有原型的强度。这种经历历尽了与盐有关的转化性关系, 而在这之前, 它们隔离地存在于固着的创伤性强迫症中, 存在于冥界的暗夜眼泪里。.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate variables associated with difficulty disclosing past trauma. Across several prevalence studies, 26% of adults never disclosed childhood abuse until adulthood when they were asked in a research survey or interview question. In this Institutional Review Board approved study, group differences were examined (ability and inability to disclose a traumatic event) as well as predictors for difficulty disclosing past trauma. Method: A non-clinical population (N = 693) was examined to determine prevalence rates and group differences between participants unable to tell someone about a past traumatic event (10%) compared to those who could disclose past traumatic events (90%). Variables included pathological dissociative processing, internalized shame, coping strategies (task, emotion, avoidance), and cumulative trauma exposure. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine predicting variables for disclosure difficulties. Findings: The group that had difficulty disclosing a past traumatic event had more cumulative trauma, pathological dissociative processing, emotion-oriented coping, and shame. In the first logistic regression analyses, interpersonal traumatic events were predictors for the inability to disclose a traumatic event (classified 90% of group membership). In the second logistic regression, shame and cumulative traumatic exposure were predicting factors (classified 90% of group membership). Conclusion: Difficulty speaking about a traumatic event was associated with interpersonal adult and childhood traumatic events, more internalized shame, and cumulative trauma exposure. It is recommended that clinicians working with patients with substantial traumatic exposure address shame, pathological dissociative processing, and emotion-oriented coping strategies if they detect trauma disclosure difficulties.