灾难,无论是天然的还是人造的,扰乱社区的运作,显著影响人们的生活和健康。为了建立社区复原力,疾病控制和预防中心建议社区做好准备,多个利益相关者一起工作。备灾科学研究(DPSR)同样鼓励改善救灾成果。这篇文献综述评估了社区优先干预的脆弱性,总结了灾害影响,并提出了改进备灾(DP)的空间。根据截至2021年9月通过PubMed搜索确定的90项研究的减灾和经济因素,对21篇文章进行了审查。通过脆弱性指数(VI)确定具有较高危险风险的脆弱社区,包括气候风险指数,环境六,和社会经济VI。然而,预测一场灾难可能无法预测另一场灾难。灾难行为响应包括五个阶段。灾难影响包括医疗,心理,环境,和经济影响,以及从每个域效果的唯一恢复时间。医疗影响包括营养不良,疟疾,腹泻,热应力,慢性疾病的恶化,传染病爆发,创伤,和死亡。精神影响是创伤后应激障碍,抑郁症,焦虑,躯体投诉,心理困扰,睡眠问题,和自杀。环境影响包括隔离,迁移,家庭成员受伤,生命威胁,和财产损失。生计和财产损失与更糟糕的结果有关。灾难恢复,很少测量,也没有明确定义,影响设置之间的测量和比较。统一验证的VI,包括评估各种灾害脆弱性的多个指标,是必需的。在某些灾难类型中,生计恢复是心理健康恢复的组成部分。基金多样化,在灾后阶段优先考虑弱势群体和灾害的每个领域影响,加快恢复。后来的恢复投资专注于帮助人们重建社区,以增强心理成果。在高VI的高度脆弱的劳动力社区推广工作保险,其中支付意愿很高,可以促进更快的恢复。应该鼓励DPSR。
Disasters, whether natural or manmade, disrupt the functioning of communities, significantly impacting people\'s lives and health. To build community resilience, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends community preparedness, where multiple stakeholders work together. Disaster Preparedness Science Research (DPSR) similarly encourages the improvement of disaster relief outcomes. This literature review assesses the vulnerability of communities for prioritized intervention, summarizes disaster effects, and suggests the scope for improvement in disaster preparedness (DP). Twenty-one articles were reviewed based on disaster mitigation and economic factors from 90 studies identified through a PubMed search till September 2021. Vulnerable communities with higher hazard risks are identified by vulnerability indices (VI), including the Climate Risk Index, Environmental VI, and Socio-Economic VI. However, VI predicting one disaster may not predict another. Disaster behavioral response involves five phases. Disaster effects include medical, mental, environmental, and economic effects, as well as the unique recovery time from each domain effect. Medical effects include malnutrition, malaria, diarrhea, heat stress, exacerbations of chronic conditions, infectious disease outbreaks, trauma, and death. Mental effects are post-traumatic stress disorders, depression, anxiety, somatic complaints, psychological distress, sleep problems, and suicides. Environmental effects include isolation, migration, injury to family members, life threats, and property damage. Loss of livelihood and property are associated with worse outcomes. Disaster recovery, which is seldom measured and not clearly defined, affects measurement and comparison across settings. A uniform validated VI, including multiple indicators assessing vulnerability to various disasters, is required. Livelihood restoration is integral to mental health recovery in some disaster types. Fund diversification, prioritized to the vulnerable and to each domain effect of disaster in the immediate post-disaster phase, expedites recovery. Later recovery investments focused on helping people rebuild their community enhance psychological outcomes. Promoting job insurance in highly vulnerable labor-based communities with high VI, wherein willing-to-pay is high, could facilitate faster recovery. DPSR should be encouraged.