OBJECTIVE: The global burden of digestive diseases mortality has been increasing over the last three decades. However, little is known about disparities in digestive diseases-specific mortality in the United States. This study aimed to examine racial, ethnic, state- and county-level disparities in digestive diseases mortality rate in the United States between 2000-2019.
METHODS: We used the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, Global Health Data Exchange to gather digestive diseases age-standardized mortality rates for five racial and ethnic groups (White, Black, Latino, American-Indian/Alaska Native [AIAN], and Asian-Pacific Islanders [API]) by sex, state, and county between 2000-2019. We used joinpoint regression analysis to evaluate the overall temporal trends by demography.
RESULTS: The overall cause-specific mortality rate decreased from 36.0 to 34.5 deaths per 100,000 population across all groups (2000-2019). In 2019, AIAN individuals had the highest mortality rate (86.2), followed by White (35.5), Latino and Black (both at 33.6), and API individuals (15.6). Significant increases occurred across some of the racial and ethnic groups, with an increased average annual percentage change (AAPC2000-2019) among AIAN (0.87%, 95% CI: 0.77-0.97) and White individuals (0.12%, 0.02-0.22) particularly among females, while Latino, Black, and API individuals showed reduced AAPC2000-2019. AIAN constitutes the main race affected in the top ten counties. Substantial state-level variation emerged, with the highest mortality rates in 2019 seen in West Virginia.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite an overall decrease in digestive diseases mortality, significant disparities persist across racial and ethnic groups. AIAN and White individuals experienced increased mortality rates, particularly among females. Targeted interventions and further research are needed to address these disparities and improve digestive health equity.

Background: Disorders of gut-brain interaction are chronic or recurrent symptoms originating in the gastrointestinal tract that cannot be substantiated by the results of standard clinical tests, such as radiologic studies, morphologies, or endoscopic examination. The diagnosis of these disorders is mainly based on symptoms and the standardized Rome IV criteria. These criteria classify functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract according to anatomical location and define each disorder according to a set of symptoms. Methods: This study was conducted between October 2021 and February 2022. Participants in the study were patients of a gastroenterology outpatient clinic with a functional disease diagnosed by a gastroenterologist. A questionnaire was used to conduct the study, with questions regarding perceived functional discomforts of the gastrointestinal tract, dietary changes to alleviate discomforts, and frequency of consumption of various food groups. Results: Based on the study, statistical significance was demonstrated between the gender of the respondents and the severity of gastrointestinal complaints after the consumption of legumes and alcohol. The analysis performed confirmed the correlation between the age of the respondents and the severity of complaints when consuming raw vegetables and fruits, brassica vegetables, legumes, fried products, and spicy products. There was also a significant correlation between the body mass index (BMI) of the respondents and the severity of complaints after alcohol consumption. Conclusions: The results identify abdominal pain, bloating, and constipation as the most commonly reported gastrointestinal symptoms among participants. The association between the consumption of certain foods, such as milk and dairy products, as well as fried and fatty foods, and the severity of disorders of gut-brain interaction symptoms was confirmed. Despite this, the majority of respondents did not eliminate any food products to alleviate the discomfort.

OBJECTIVE: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are two new classes of antidiabetic agents. We aimed to evaluate the association between these two drug classes and risk of various vascular diseases, digestive diseases and fractures.
METHODS: Large randomized trials of SGLT2is and GLP-1RAs were included. Outcomes of interest were the various serious adverse events related to vascular diseases, digestive diseases and fractures. We performed meta-analyses using synthesize risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as effect size.
RESULTS: We included 27 large trials. SGLT2is had significant association with less hypertension (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.54-0.91), hypertensive crisis (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47-0.84), varicose vein (RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.13-0.92), and vomiting (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.31-0.97); but more spinal compression fracture (RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.02-2.92) and tibia fracture. GLP-1RAs had significant association with more deep vein thrombosis (RR 1.92, 95% CI 1.23-3.00), pancreatitis (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.07-2.22), and cholecystitis acute (RR 1.51, 95% CI 1.08-2.09); but less rib fracture (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.35-0.97). Sensitivity analyses suggested that our findings were robust.
CONCLUSIONS: SGLT2is may have protective effects against specific vascular and digestive diseases, whereas they may increase the incidence of site-specific fractures (e.g., spinal compression fracture). GLP-1RAs may have protective effects against site-specific fractures (i.e., rib fracture), whereas they may increase the incidence of specific vascular and digestive diseases. These findings may help to make a choice between SGLT2is and GLP-1RAs in clinical practice.

The global burden of digestive diseases has increased in recent years. The study aims to comprehend the trend of incidence and death rates related to digestive diseases in China from 2000 to 2020.
The study collected data on digestive diseases and their causes, such as incidence rates, death rates, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived with Disability, Disability-Adjusted Life Years and estimated annual percentage change from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease website and the Chinese Health and Wellness Statistical Yearbook spanning. And we employed the age-period-cohort model to analyze the influence of age, period, and birth cohort on the trend of death rates associated with digestive diseases.
In contrast to the global burden of digestive disease, China experienced increases in the age-standardized incidence for inflammatory bowel disease, gallbladder and biliary diseases, as well as appendicitis from 2000 to 2019. The corresponding estimated annual percentage change for these diseases were 2.06, 1.74, and 0.99. Females showed a significantly higher incidence of digestive diseases, while males experienced a higher death rate. Moreover, individuals in the age groups under 5 years and over 60 years exhibited higher death rates than those in other age groups.
The findings underscore the ongoing importance of digestive diseases as a substantial public health issue in China. Reducing the disease burden of IBD in China necessitates healthcare systems to enhance their infrastructure and personnel readiness, ensuring an equitable, affordable, and accessible distribution of care for IBD patients. To reduce the occurrence and mortality rates of digestive diseases in China, the government should promote the adoption of early screening policies for individuals under the 5 year and those above the 60 year. These policies should be accompanied by customized preventive measures.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified as potential therapeutics for various diseases. In contrast to other sources of MSCs, dental stem cells (DSCs) have received increased attention due to their high activity and easy accessibility. Among them, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) exhibit superior self-renewal, multipotency, immunomodulatory, and regenerative capacities. Following their inspiring performance in animal models and clinical trials, DPSCs show pharmacological potential in regenerative medicine. In this review, we have generalized the sources, heterogeneity, and biological characteristics of DPSCs, as well as compared them with other types of dental stem cells. In addition, we summarized the application of DPSCs in digestive diseases (such as liver, esophageal, and intestinal diseases), highlighting their regenerative and pharmacological potential based on the existing preclinical and clinical evidence. Specifically, DPSCs can be> home to injured or inflamed tissues and exert repair and regeneration functions by> facilitating immune regulation, anti-inflammation, and directional differentiation. Although DPSCs have a rosy prospect, future studies should handle the underlying drawbacks and pave the way for the identification of DPSCs as novel regenerative medicine.

The transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channel, a family of calcium transporters comprising six distinct members (TRPV1-6), takes on a paramount role in maintaining intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in mammalian cells. Notably, TRPV1, among its counterparts, has emerged as the subject of extensive scrutiny, owing to its pervasive presence in diverse cellular, tissue, and organ settings. This ubiquitous distribution underscores its fundamental involvement in the genesis of pain, making it a central focus in pain-related research. However, recent investigations have unveiled that TRPV1\'s functional significance transcends the realm of pain modulation, extending its influence to encompass a wide spectrum of physiological and pathological processes. The ambit of TRPV1\'s influence encompasses not only pain responses but also embraces the intricate domains of nervous system disorders, cancer metastasis, as well as afflictions pertaining to the skin and heart. Moreover, compelling evidence now demonstrates that TRPV1 also wields substantial sway in the domain of digestive diseases, further highlighting its versatility and far-reaching impact on human health. Therefore, this comprehensive review endeavors to delve into the multifaceted roles played by TRPV1 in the various organs constituting the digestive system.

The global burden of digestive diseases has been rising in the last 30 years. The rates and trends of incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for digestive diseases need to be investigated.
We extracted the data on overall digestive diseases and by cause between 1990-2019 from the Global Burden of Diseases 2019 website, including the absolute number and the corresponding age-standardized rates of incidence (ASIR), deaths (ASDR), and DALYs (ASDALYs).
Globally, the incident cases, deaths, and DALYs of digestive diseases in 2019 increased by 74.44, 37.85, and 23.46%, respectively, compared with that in 1990, with an increasing ASIR of 0.09%, as well as decreasing ASDR and ASDALYs of 1.38 and 1.32% annually. The sociodemographic index (SDI) of overall digestive diseases showed a slight increase in ASIR from low to middle-low regions. The downtrend in ASDR and ASDALYs was found in all SDI regions. The burden of incidence was higher in females, while the burden of deaths and DALYs was higher in males for the overall digestive diseases and most causes. The estimated annual percentage changes were significantly associated with the baseline ASIR, ASDR, and ASDALYs for the overall digestive diseases, and the negative correlations between ASDR, ASDALYs, and human development index both in 1990 (R = -0.68, R = -0.69) and 2019 (R = -0.71, R = -0.73) were noticed.
The findings indicate that digestive diseases remain a significant public health burden, with substantial variation across countries, sexes, and age groups. Therefore, implementing age, gender, and country-specific policies for early screening and targeted interventions could significantly reduce the global burden of digestive diseases.

Modern omics technologies can generate massive amounts of biomedical data, providing unprecedented opportunities for individualized precision medicine. However, traditional statistical methods cannot effectively process and utilize such big data. To meet this new challenge, machine learning algorithms have been developed and applied rapidly in recent years, which are capable of reducing dimensionality, extracting features, organizing data and forming automatable data-driven clinical decision systems. Data-driven clinical decision-making have promising applications in precision medicine and has been studied in digestive diseases, including early diagnosis and screening, molecular typing, staging and stratification of digestive malignancies, as well as precise diagnosis of Crohn\'s disease, auxiliary diagnosis of imaging and endoscopy, differential diagnosis of cystic lesions, etiology discrimination of acute abdominal pain, stratification of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), and real-time diagnosis of esophageal motility function, showing good application prospects. Herein, we reviewed the recent progress of data-driven clinical decision making in precision diagnosis of digestive diseases and discussed the limitations of data-driven decision making after a brief introduction of methods for data-driven decision making.

BACKGROUND: A high BMI is associated with various medical conditions, notably type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mental health disorders. In the US military, BMI increased linearly between 1975 and 2015.
OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study investigated the associations between BMI and a comprehensive range of clinically diagnosed medical conditions (CDMCs) in US military service members (SMs).
METHODS: A stratified random sample of SMs (n=26,177) completed an online questionnaire reporting their height, weight, and demographic/lifestyle characteristics. Medical conditions for 6 mo before questionnaire completion were obtained from a comprehensive military electronic medical surveillance system and grouped into 39 CDMCs covering both broad (largely systemic) and specific medical conditions. BMI was calculated as weight/height2 (kg/m2). The prevalence of CDMCs was compared among normal weight (<25.0 kg/m2), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥30 kg/m2) SMs.
RESULTS: After multivariable adjustment for demographic/lifestyle characteristics, higher BMI was associated with higher odds of a diagnosed medical condition in 30 of 39 CDMCs, with all 30 displaying dose-response relationships. The 5 major CDMCs with the largest odds ratios comparing obese to normal weight were endocrine/nutritional/metabolic diseases (OR=2.67, 95%CI=2.24-3.15), nervous system diseases (odds ratio [OR]=2.59, 95%CI=2.32-2.90), circulatory system diseases (OR=2.56, 95%CI=2.15-3.06), musculoskeletal system diseases (OR=1.92, 95%CI=1.76-2.09), and mental/behavioral disorders (OR=1.69, 95%CI=1.51-1.90). Compared with normal weight SMs, overweight or obese SMs had a higher number of CDMCs (1.8±1.9 vs. 2.0±2.0 and 2.5±2.3, mean ± standard deviation, respectively, P<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: In a young, physically active population, higher BMI was associated with a host of medical conditions, even after adjustment for demographic/lifestyle characteristics. The US Department of Defense should improve nutrition education and modify other factors that contribute to overweight and obesity. This study demonstrates that the medical burden of obesity is substantial in overweight and obese SMs.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most used acid-inhibitory drugs, with a wide range of applications in the treatment of various digestive diseases. However, recently, there has been a growing number of digestive complications linked to PPIs, and several studies have indicated that the intestinal flora play an important role in these complications. Therefore, developing a greater understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in PPI-related digestive diseases is essential. Here, we summarize the current research on the correlation between PPI-related digestive disorders and intestinal flora and establish the altered strains and possible pathogenic mechanisms of the different diseases. We aimed to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the future treatment and prevention of PPI-related digestive complications based on the regulation of the intestinal microbiota.