The association between dietary quality and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on the Chinese Dietary Balance Index (DBI-16) is seldom reported. We hypothesized that poor dietary quality might increase the risk of T2DM in the middle-aged and older populations. A total of 1816 individuals (≥50 years) were included in the study. Demographic characteristics and dietary intake data were collected. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were conducted to explore the association between DBI-16 indexes and the risk of T2DM. The insufficient intake of vegetables and dairy might decrease the risk of T2DM (ORVegetable = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.60-0.97; ORDairy = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.35-0.96), but the individuals with insufficient intake of fruit were more likely to have a higher risk of T2DM (ORfruit = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.69-3.06). Compared with the subjects with the lowest quartile of Low Bound Score (LBS) or Diet Quality Distance (DQD), the individuals with Q2 and Q3 level of LBS (ORQ2 = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.03-1.90, P = .033; ORQ3 = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.11-2.08, P < .01) or DQD (ORQ2 = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.06-1.99, P = .021; ORQ3 = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.20-2.24, P < .01) showed increased risk of T2DM with a nonlinear association observed by RCS analysis. We concluded that imbalanced dietary intake, especially insufficient daily fruit intake, might predict an increased risk of T2DM in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dietary quality of the rural elderly aged 65 years and above.
METHODS: In February-March 2023, a convenience sampling method was adopted to select 454 rural elderly aged 65 years and above in a township of Luzhou City. The dietary survey was conducted using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire(FFQ-25), and the questionnaire information was collected by face-to-face interviews. Dietary quality was evaluated using the Dietary Balance Index-16(DBI-16) score.
RESULTS: The proportion of older people in the region with moderate and high dietary imbalances was 79.7%. Inadequate and excessive dietary intake coexisted. The average daily intake of cereals and potatoes and livestock and meat foods were 356.7 g and 76.2 g, exceeding the recommended intake. The average daily intake of fruit, milk and fish and shrimp intake was 22.8 g, 36 g and 3.7 g, respectively, which was only 10% of the recommended amount, and the intake was seriously insufficient. In addition, the degree of food diversity is relatively low, with most of the average daily intake of food types ranging from five to eight, and only 4.6% of the elderly having more than eight. A total of seven dietary patterns were found among the rural elderly in the region, including a certain degree of under-consumption pattern, a severe under-consumption pattern, a certain degree of over-consumption pattern, and a pattern of both under-consumption and over-consumption. That was dominated by the pattern of severe underconsumption and the pattern of some degree of underconsumption and higher degree of overconsumption, which accounted for 72.3% of the total.
CONCLUSIONS: The rural elderly aged 65 years and above in Luzhou City have a serious dietary imbalance, with a high proportion of insufficient intake of vegetables, fruits and milk, as well as aquatic products and eggs; and excessive intake of livestock, poultry, meat and cereals and potatoes.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the dietary quality of patients with severe cerebrovascular disease using Diet Balance Index-16 (DBI-16) and to provide scientific evidence for the establishment of targeted dietary intervention and related dietary nutritional education for patients.
METHODS: The general information of 214 hospitalized patients with severe cerebrovascular disease, including gender and age etc., were investigated by a self-made questionnaire on health risk factors, and the dietary quality conditions of patients was evaluated by DBI-16 scoring method.
RESULTS: The dietary quality of patients with severe cerebrovascular disease had low levels of imbalanced conditions, accompanied with low levels of inadequate intake and excessive intake. The degree of excessive intake in female patients was clearly less than that in male patients. The degree of inadequate intake and total scores in patients younger than 55 years old was lower than those in the other two groups. The intake of vegetables, fruits, milk and soybeans in most of patients did not reach the recommended nutrient intake and the animal product amount was insufficient. In addition, the intake of low quality food and condiments such as oil and salt were excessive in patients with severe cerebrovascular disease. Dietary pattern A was the main model.
CONCLUSIONS: The overall diet structure of patients with severe cerebrovascular disease is not rational. It is recommended to appropriately balance the intake of grains and animal products, increase the intake of milk, soybeans, vegetables and fruits, and strictly control the amount of oil and salt.

OBJECTIVE: Drawing on the ideas of the adult dietary balance index method, based on the recipes of the kindergartens in Lanzhou City, to establish a dietary balance index that can quickly, accurately and conveniently evaluate the dietary quality of the people in the park.
METHODS: The stratified random sampling method was used to select and collect 329 recipes for the 40 kindergartens in different geographical locations, grades and properties(public and private) in Lanzhou City from 2012 to 2017. Used EpiData 3. 1 to enter the main food types of the recipe, the specific cooking ingredients and the supply amount of the ingredients. In combination with the 2016 dietary guidelines for the dietary requirements of the population, determined the components and ranges of values for the dietary balance index appropriate for the population. And used this index to evaluate the quality of some complete recipes.
RESULTS: The pre-school children\'s dietary balance index system in Lanzhou City includes 8 individual indicators: cereals, vegetables and fruits, milk and dairy products, soy products and nuts, animal foods, snacks for food consumption, food types and cooking method. Preliminary application of the index system to evaluate the dietary quality of some kindergartens showed that there were significant differences in LBS and DQD between kindergartens of different grades and different years(P<0. 05), and there was no significant difference in HBS(P>0. 05). The result of the dietary evaluation method were consistent.
CONCLUSIONS: The established dietary balance index for preschool children in Lanzhou City can meet the rapid, accurate and convenient evaluation of the dietary quality of the population during the park. In addition to focusing on establishing relevant indicators for food group classification and evaluation, the establishment of specific indicator systems should also increase indicators on children\'s dietary types and cooking and processing method.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diet quality and diet structure of community residents in Bengbu City by Chinese Diet Balance Index-07( DBI-07), in order to provide a scientific basis for dietary guidance and nutrition intervention.
METHODS: A stratified cluster random sampling was used in our design, a total of 772 community residents were selected from 8 communities in Bengbu City in 2015. Food intakes were collected by a continuous 3d 24 h dietary survey, and the dietary quality was evaluated by an adjusted DBI-07 scoring and evaluation system.
RESULTS: The overall dietary quality of Bengbu community residents was somewhat imbalance( DQD = 31. 6). Insufficient intake( LBS =26. 1) and excessive intake( HBS = 9. 0) were both coexisted in the residents of Bengbu. Male had a higher level of excessive intake and imbalance than female. Rural areas were more severe in insufficient and imbalance than those of the city. Group age from 45 to 55 has the highest level of dietary imbalance( DQD = 35. 2). From the distribution of DBI scores, intake of vegetables, fruits, milk and beans were insufficient, the intake of vegetables and fruits, milk and beans approaching and reaching RNI accounted for 20. 1%and 9. 3%, respectively. Major dietary pattern of residents is the Pattern A( 27. 9%), B( 32. 3%) and E( 21. 0%).
CONCLUSIONS: The dietary quality of residents in Bengbu should be improved. Men, rural residents and 45- 55 age group are the main intervention groups. It is necessary to intensify the dietary guidelines and food guide pagoda, in order to improve the consciousness of residents about reasonable, adequate diet and low salt, low oil.

A balanced diet is essential to achieve and maintain good health. In this study, we assessed diet quality of middle aged and elderly people based on Chinese Diet Balance Index-07 (DBI-07) and explored the associations between DBI-07 and anemia. Data analyzed for this study was from the 2010-2012 National Nutrition and Health Survey in Yunnan province, southwest China (n = 738, aged 50-77 years). Dietary recalls over there consecutive days were done in a face-to-face interview. The scores of DBI-07 for each component and three DBI-07 indicators ((Lower Bound Score (LBS), Higher Bound Score (HBS), Diet Quality Distance (DQD)) were calculated according to compliance with the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese residents. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was determined using the cyanmethemoglobin method. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used to explore the associations between DBI-07 indicators and anemia, as well as scores of DBI-07 components and Hb level. The sample included 336 men and 402 women. Inadequate intakes of vegetables, fruits, dairy, soybean, eggs, fish and excessive intakes of cereals, meat, cooking oil, salt were both common. 91.3% of the participants had moderate or high levels of inadequate food intake, while 37.7% had moderate or high levels of excessive food intake. The mean Hb was 14.2 ± 1.7 g/dL, with a prevalence of anemia of 13.0%. Subjects with high LBS and DQD were more likely to be anemic (all p < 0.05). After adjustment for potential confounders, there were positive correlations between Hb level and the intakes of vegetables and soybean (βvegetables = 1.04, p < 0.01; βsoybean = 0.82, p = 0.04). In conclusion, dietary imbalance and anemia are common in middle aged and elderly population in southwest China and inadequate intakes of vegetables and soybean may increase the risk of anemia.