以益生菌为基础的功能性食品或药物由于益生菌与人类健康的关系日益明确而获得了前所未有的关注和发展。益生菌可以调节肠道菌群,动态参与各种生理活动直接影响人体健康。一些基于益生菌的功能制剂在治疗多种难治性疾病方面显示出巨大的潜力。目前,益生菌细胞在体外和体内复杂环境中的存活和活性已被优先考虑,和基于食品衍生材料的各种封装系统已经被设计和构造以保护和递送益生菌。然而,传统的封装技术无法实现对单一益生菌的精确保护,这使得它在发布后无法产生显著的效果。在这种情况下,单细胞封装系统可以基于生物接口组装,以保护和功能化单个益生菌细胞,最大化他们的生理活动。本文综述了益生菌在食品加工中面临的艰巨挑战,storage,人类消化,和常用的益生菌封装系统。此外,介绍了一种基于单细胞涂层的益生菌封装新技术,即,\"盔甲益生菌\"。我们专注于分类,结构设计,和装甲涂层的功能特性,并强调了装甲益生菌在人体健康调节中的基本功能特征,包括调节肠道健康和有针对性的生物成像和治疗病变组织。随后,的好处,局限性,潜在的挑战,并提出了装甲益生菌的未来发展方向。我们希望这篇综述可以为开发单细胞益生菌封装系统提供新的见解和思路。
Functional foods or drugs based on probiotics have gained unprecedented attention and development due to the increasingly clear relationship between probiotics and human health. Probiotics can regulate intestinal microbiota, dynamically participating in various physiological activities to directly affect human health. Some probiotic-based functional preparations have shown great potential in treating multiple refractory diseases. Currently, the survival and activity of probiotic cells in complex environments in vitro and in vivo have taken priority, and various encapsulation systems based on food-derived materials have been designed and constructed to protect and deliver probiotics. However, traditional encapsulation technology cannot achieve precise protection for a single probiotic, which makes it unable to have a significant effect after release. In this case, single-cell encapsulation systems can be assembled based on biological interfaces to protect and functionalize individual probiotic cells, maximizing their physiological activity. This review discussed the arduous challenges of probiotics in food processing, storage, human digestion, and the commonly used probiotic encapsulation system. Besides, a novel technology of probiotic encapsulation was introduced based on single-cell coating, namely, \"armor probiotics\". We focused on the classification, structural design, and functional characteristics of armor coatings, and emphasized the essential functional characteristics of armor probiotics in human health regulation, including regulating intestinal health and targeted bioimaging and treatment of diseased tissues. Subsequently, the benefits, limitations, potential challenges, as well as future direction of armor probiotics were put forward. We hope this review may provide new insights and ideas for developing a single-cell probiotics encapsulating system.