许多可食用生物活性剂的功效受到其低的水分散性和在食品中的化学不稳定性的限制。以及它们生物可获得性差,低吸收,和人体胃肠道内的新陈代谢。乳清蛋白是两亲分子,可用于构建多种可食用载体系统,可改善生物活性成分的性能。这些载体系统被食品和生物医学行业用来封装,保护,并提供多种生物活性剂。在这篇文章中,我们首先概述了乳清蛋白的分子和功能特征,然后讨论它们与各种生物活性剂的相互作用。然后讨论了乳清蛋白用作构建块以组装不同种类的载体系统的能力,包括纳米粒子,水凝胶,油凝胶,bigels,纳米纤维,纳米管,和纳米乳液。此外,突出了这些载体系统的应用。不同种类的基于乳清蛋白的载体可用于封装,保护,并提供生物活性剂。每种载体都有自己的特点,这使得它们适合食品和其他产品的不同应用需求。先前的研究表明,基于乳清蛋白的载体特别适合保护化学不稳定的生物活性剂并延长其释放曲线。在未来,基于乳清蛋白的载体在食品和制药领域的应用可能会扩大。
The efficacy of many edible bioactive agents is limited by their low water dispersibility and chemical instability in foods, as well as by their poor bioaccessibility, low absorption, and metabolism within the human gastrointestinal tract. Whey proteins are amphiphilic molecules that can be used to construct a variety of edible carrier systems that can improve the performance of bioactive ingredients. These carrier systems are being used by the food and biomedical industries to encapsulate, protect, and deliver a variety of bioactive agents. In this article, we begin by providing an overview of the molecular and functional characteristics of whey proteins, and then discuss their interactions with various kinds of bioactive agents. The ability of whey proteins to be used as building blocks to assemble different kinds of carrier systems is then discussed, including nanoparticles, hydrogels, oleogels, bigels, nanofibers, nanotubes, and nanoemulsions. Moreover, applications of these carrier systems are highlighted. Different kinds of whey protein-based carriers can be used to encapsulate, protect, and deliver bioactive agents. Each kind of carrier has its own characteristics, which make them suitable for different application needs in foods and other products. Previous studies suggest that whey protein-based carriers are particularly suitable for protecting chemically labile bioactive agents and for prolonging their release profiles. In the future, it is likely that the applications of whey protein-based carriers in the food and pharmaceutical fields will expand.