镉(Cd)毒性引起生长和发育的显着破坏,即使在食草动物侵染期间,植物也已开发出减轻金属毒性促进建立的策略。研究表明,在Cd暴露和斜纹夜蛾入侵草食动物的综合胁迫下,三叶虫保持生长发育。与W.chinensis相反。Cd毒性显著降低枝条伸长和总新鲜生物量,芽生物量和叶数的干重显着减少了19%,18%,16%,与对照组相比,W.trilobata占19%。更明显的下降了35%,43%,45%和43%发现于中国。与W.chinensis相比,W.triilobata显示出更高的植物激素产量增加,包括脱落酸(ABA),赤霉素(GA3),在Cd和草食性胁迫下,吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)和甲基茉莉酸(JA-me)与各自的对照相比。此外,叶片超微结构也显示出Cd毒性对细胞膜结构的最大损害。此外,RNA-seq分析揭示了许多基因。,EMSY,MCCA,TIRI,床型,ABA,JAZ,CAB-6,CPSI,LHCII,CAX,HNM,ABC-Cd-trans和GBLP在Cd胁迫和草食性群体之间差异表达。特别强调与金属运输和碳水化合物代谢相关的基因。采用基因本体论(GO)系统进行分析,直系同源群(COG)分类,和京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)数据库,强调苯丙烷和类黄酮生物合成途径和油菜素类固醇代谢的基因之间的功能和进化关系,与Cd毒性和草食性下的植物生长发育有关。W.thillobata对面的中国,通过调节代谢过程显着改善植物生长并减轻Cd毒性,和负责任的基因的调节,为了在镉和食草胁迫下维持其生长,可用于改善植物的胁迫,以实现可持续的生态系统生物多样性和粮食安全。
Cadmium (Cd) toxicity induces significant disruptions in growth and development, plants have developed strategies to alleviate metal toxicity promoting establishment even during herbivores infestation. The study demonstrates that W. trilobata maintains growth and development under the combined stress of Cd exposure and herbivore invasion by Spodoptera litura, in contrast to W. chinensis. Cd toxicity markedly reduce shoot elongation and total fresh biomass, and a significant decrease in the dry weight of the shoot biomass and leaf count by 19%, 18%, 16%, and 19% in W. trilobata compared to controls. An even more pronounced decrease of 35%, 43%, 45% and 43% was found in W. chinensis. Compared to W. chinensis, W. trilobata showed a higher increase in phytohormone production including abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA3), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and methyl jasmonic acid (JA-me) under both Cd and herbivory stress as compared with respective controls. In addition, leaf ultra-structure also showed the highest damage to cell membranous structures by Cd-toxicity in W. chinensis. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis revealed numerous genes viz., EMSY, MCCA, TIRI, BED-type, ABA, JAZ, CAB-6, CPSI, LHCII, CAX, HNM, ABC-Cd-trans and GBLP being differentially expressed between Cd-stress and herbivory groups in both W. trilobata and W. chinensis, with a particular emphasis on genes associated with metal transport and carbohydrate metabolism. Analyses employing the Gene Ontology (GO) system, the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) categorization, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, highlight the functional and evolutionary relationships among the genes of the Phenylpropanoid and Flavonoid biosynthesis pathways and brassinosterod metabolism, associated with plant growth and development under Cd-toxicity and herbivory. W. trilobata opposite of W. chinensis, significantly improve plant growth and mitigates Cd toxicity through modulation of metabolic processes, and regulation of responsible genes, to sustain its growth under Cd and herbivory stress, which can be used in stress improvement in plants for sustainable ecosystem biodiversity and food security.