食用被抗生素抗性细菌污染的牛奶对人类构成重大健康威胁。本研究旨在调查产β-内酰胺酶(ESBL,MBL,和AmpC)来自印度两个州的奶牛和水牛奶样品,哈里亚纳邦和阿萨姆邦。从指定地区的奶农和供应商那里收集了总共401份牛奶样品。微生物化验,抗生素药敏试验,采用基于PCR的基因分型分析421株革兰氏阴性菌。β-内酰胺酶基因的总体患病率为10%(置信区间(CI)(7-13)),哈里亚纳邦的比率更高(13%,CI(9-19))与阿萨姆邦(7%,CI(4-11))。分离物中鉴定的β-内酰胺酶基因为blaCMY,BlaMOX,BlaFOX,blaEBC,和BlaDHA,与AMPC生产相关。此外,blaCTX-M1,blaSHV,BlaTEM被检测为ESBL生产者,而BlaVIM,blaIMP,blaSPM,blaSIM,和blaGIM被确定为MBL生产者。值得注意的是,志贺氏菌属。是鉴定的肠杆菌科中主要的β-内酰胺酶生产者。这项研究强调了牛奶分离物中存在各种流行的β-内酰胺酶基因,表明乳制品中抗菌耐药细菌的潜在风险。β-内酰胺抗性的存在引起关注,因为这可能限制用于治疗的抗生素选择。基因型和表型方法之间的不一致强调了整合两种技术以准确评估抗生素抗性的综合方法的必要性。需要采取紧急的合作行动,在整个乳制品价值链中合理和规范地使用抗生素,以应对β-内酰胺耐药性的全球挑战。
The consumption of milk contaminated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a significant health threat to humans. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae producing β-lactamases (ESBL, MBL, and AmpC) in cow and buffalo milk samples from two Indian states, Haryana and Assam. A total of 401 milk samples were collected from dairy farmers and vendors in the specified districts. Microbiological assays, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and PCR-based genotyping were employed to analyze 421 Gram-negative bacterial isolates. The overall prevalence of β-lactamase genes was 10% (confidence interval (CI) (7-13)), with higher rates in Haryana (13%, CI (9-19)) compared to Assam (7%, CI (4-11)). The identified β-lactamase genes in isolates were blaCMY, blaMOX, blaFOX, blaEBC, and blaDHA, associated with AmpC production. Additionally, blaCTX-M1, blaSHV, and blaTEM were detected as ESBL producers, while blaVIM, blaIMP, blaSPM, blaSIM, and blaGIM were identified as MBL producers. Notably, Shigella spp. were the dominant β-lactamase producers among identified Enterobacteriaceae. This study highlights the presence of various prevalent β-lactamase genes in milk isolates, indicating the potential risk of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in dairy products. The presence of β-lactam resistance raises concern as this could restrict antibiotic options for treatment. The discordance between genotypic and phenotypic methods emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive approaches that integrate both techniques to accurately assess antibiotic resistance. Urgent collaborative action incorporating rational and regulated use of antibiotics across the dairy value chain is required to address the global challenge of β-lactam resistance.