大脑皮层的折叠是哺乳动物大脑的突出特征。皮质折叠的改变或缺陷与脑功能异常密切相关。认知,和行为。因此,大脑解剖结构和功能之间的精确映射对于我们理解健康和疾病中大脑结构结构的机制至关重要。gri和沟,皮质解剖学的标准命名法,作为构成复杂折叠图案的积木,提供了一个窗口来破译皮质解剖结构及其与大脑功能的关系。巨大的努力已经投入到这个研究课题从各种学科,包括遗传学,细胞生物学,解剖学,神经影像学,和神经学,以及涉及基于机器学习和人工智能算法的计算方法。然而,尽管取得了越来越多的进展,我们对陀螺沟模式的功能解剖的理解仍处于起步阶段。在这次审查中,我们介绍了这一领域的现状,并提供了我们关于回旋和沟功能分化的方法和结论的观点,以及来自遗传的支持信息,细胞生物学,大脑结构研究.特别是,我们将进一步提出一个拟议的框架,试图解释回旋和沟之间功能相互作用的动态机制。希望,这篇综述将全面总结皮质陀螺沟系统中的解剖功能关系,并考虑这些关系如何促进脑功能,认知,和行为,以及精神障碍。
Folding of the cerebral cortex is a prominent characteristic of mammalian brains. Alterations or deficits in cortical folding are strongly correlated with abnormal brain function, cognition, and behavior. Therefore, a precise mapping between the anatomy and function of the brain is critical to our understanding of the mechanisms of brain structural architecture in both health and diseases. Gyri and sulci, the standard nomenclature for cortical anatomy, serve as building blocks to make up complex folding patterns, providing a window to decipher cortical anatomy and its relation with brain functions. Huge efforts have been devoted to this research topic from a variety of disciplines including genetics, cell biology, anatomy, neuroimaging, and neurology, as well as involving computational approaches based on machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms. However, despite increasing progress, our understanding of the functional anatomy of gyro-sulcal patterns is still in its infancy. In this review, we present the current state of this field and provide our perspectives of the methodologies and conclusions concerning functional differentiation between gyri and sulci, as well as the supporting information from genetic, cell biology, and brain structure research. In particular, we will further present a proposed framework for attempting to interpret the dynamic mechanisms of the functional interplay between gyri and sulci. Hopefully, this review will provide a comprehensive summary of anatomo-functional relationships in the cortical gyro-sulcal system together with a consideration of how these contribute to brain function, cognition, and behavior, as well as to mental disorders.