Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare, congenital disorder characterized by a unique constellation of skeletal and dental abnormalities. The imaging findings, combined with clinical examination, help establish a definitive diagnosis. Understanding the broad spectrum of manifestations in CCD is essential for effective management and treatment. This case report aims to provide a comprehensive overview of a 25-year-old male patient with CCD, highlighting the genetic etiologies, clinical presentation, radiological findings, and a review of current literature to enhance understanding and awareness of this rare condition.

BACKGROUND:  En-masse maxillary anterior retraction is necessary to attain an esthetic profile in Angle\'s class I bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion and Angle\'s class II division 1 malocclusion. The objective of this study was to evaluate configurational relationships between maxillary incisors and incisive canal in Angle\'s class I bialveolar protrusion and Angle\'s class II division 1 malocclusion by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
METHODS: A total of 108 adult CBCT scans of 54-skeletal class I bialveolar protrusion and 54-skeletal class II division 1 malocclusions were retrospectively analyzed. Angles between palatal plane and axis of maxillary alveolar border (θ1), incisive canal (θ2), and maxillary right central incisor (θ3) were measured in relation to the midsagittal plane. Linear measurements such as incisive canal width (IC-IC), medial inter-root distance (Rm-Rm), posterior inter-root distance (Rp-Rp), anteroposterior distance from Rm to tangent of right central incisor (11 Rm-Cat), and left central incisor (21 Rm-Cat) corresponding to three vertical levels (L1, L2, and L3) were assessed in axial cross-sectional plane. Association among angular measurements was examined by Spearman correlation coefficient analysis. Mann-Whitney U test compared variables of linear measurements at three vertical levels.
RESULTS:  Estimated distance from incisor root to incisive canal was 5-6 mm in both groups slightly influenced by skeletal class and vertical levels but not gender. Mann-Whitney test demonstrated significant differences between groups at three vertical levels (p<0.05). Only θ2 revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) between malocclusions compared to θ1 and θ3. The angular measurements for both malocclusions were positively correlated (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS:  Sagittal root-canal cortical plate distance varied significantly in both malocclusions (5-6 mm). Inter-root distance (Rp-Rp) was greater than incisive canal width (IC-IC) at all three vertical levels indicating a reduced possibility of canal invasion after maximum retraction at posterior levels.

OBJECTIVE: A novel Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) named HyperSight provides superior CBCT image quality compared to conventional ring gantry CBCT imaging, and it is suitable for dose calculations for prostate cancer, but it comes with considerable additional costs. The aim of this study was to determine the added value of HyperSight CBCT imaging compared to conventional CBCT imaging in terms of organ visibility in the male pelvic region.
METHODS: Twenty prostate cancer patients were included in this prospective clinical study. For each patient three CBCT pairs, consisting of HyperSight and conventional CBCT scans acquired on consecutive days, were included. CBCT scans were evaluated by four observers in terms of visibility of the prostate, bladder, rectum and seminal vesicles. Visibility was scored on a 1-to-5 scale and by annotating axial slices where the organs were hard to delineate. Lastly, observers indicated whether the CBCT scans were of sufficient quality for an online adaptive radiation therapy workflow.
RESULTS: All four organs were better visible on HyperSight CBCT scans compared to conventional CBCT scans. The mean visibility scores increased from 3.1 to 4.5 on a 1--5 scale of and the mean number of annotated slices reduced from 4.5 to 1.1. 99% Of the HyperSight CBCT scans were considered suitable for an online adaptive workflow vs 25-83% for the conventional CBCT scans.
CONCLUSIONS: HyperSight CBCT scans yielded a visibility of prostate, bladder, rectum and seminal vesicles comparable to planning CT scans and, ccan replace a repeat planning CT scan in case of anatomical changes requiring a new treatment plan.

The morphological variations in roots and root canals vary greatly in multi-rooted teeth making it a challenge for accurate diagnosis and effective endodontic therapy. In addition to using technology appropriately, this article highlights how important it is to have a complete understanding of root canal morphology. With the assistance of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and a dental operating microscope (DOM), successful endodontic treatment was performed on a single-rooted maxillary first molar with Vertucci\'s type II canal configuration. CBCT and DOM proved to be valuable tools for the effective diagnosis and management of this atypical morphology.

BACKGROUND: This study aims primarily to assess the mandibular condyles and patient response to MAD therapy using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Also, the study proposes to analyze whether variations in condylar position, OSA severity and mandibular protrusion influence patient response.
METHODS: 23 patients diagnosed with mild/moderate OSA and treated with MAD comprised the sample. Clinical, CBCT, and PSG assessments were conducted at baseline and with MAD in therapeutic protrusion (4-6 months of MAD use). The condyle position was vertically and horizontally evaluated at baseline and at the therapeutic protrusion.
RESULTS: The condyle position significantly changed with MAD, showing anterior (7.3 ± 2.8 mm; p < 0.001) and inferior (3.5 ± 1 mm; p < 0.001) displacement. Patients with mild OSA required more protrusion (p = 0.02) for improvement. Responders exhibited a significantly prominent (p = 0.04) anterior baseline condyle position. A negative modest correlation was found between treatment response and baseline condyle anterior position (p = 0.03; r=-0.4), as well as between OSA severity and the percentage of maximum protrusion needed for therapeutic protrusion (p = 0.02; r=-0.4). The patient protrusion amount did not predict condylar positional changes. Neither condyle position, OSA severity, nor therapeutic protrusion were predictors of MAD treatment response.
CONCLUSIONS: MAD resulted in anterior and inferior condylar displacement, and the amount of protrusion did not predict condylar positional changes. Responders showed a more anterior baseline condyle position. OSA severity and mandibular protrusion did not predict treatment response.

Background Understanding root canal anatomy variations, particularly C-shaped canals, is crucial for successful endodontic treatment. This study used clinical and radiographic methods to assess the prevalence and characteristics of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars in Western Maharashtra. Materials and methods This prospective study was conducted in the western region of Maharashtra, India. The samples included patients requiring endodontic treatment for mandibular second molars. Clinical evaluation was conducted using a surgical endodontic microscope and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. Inclusion and exclusion criteria ensured the selection of a focused and homogeneous sample. Data analysis included assessment of unilateral/bilateral occurrence, canal distribution, and cross-sectional characteristics. Results Out of 200 mandibular second molars, 7.5% exhibited C-shaped root canals, with no significant gender differences. Canal distribution varied across coronal, middle, and apical levels, with prevalent configurations being C1, C2, C3, and C4. No significant differences were observed in canal distribution based on root levels. No significant gender differences were found in the presence of grooves on the root surfaces. Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and characteristics of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars in Western Maharashtra. Further research into histological and genetic aspects can enhance our understanding, leading to improved treatment strategies for complex root canal anatomy variations.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive nomogram for diagnosing radicular grooves (RG) in maxillary lateral incisors (MLIs), integrating demographic information, anatomical measurements, and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) data to diagnose the RG in MLIs based on the clinical observation before resorting to the CBCT scan.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort of orthodontic patients from the School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, was analyzed, including demographic characteristics, photographic anatomical assessments, and CBCT diagnoses. The cohort was divided into development and validation groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified significant predictors of RG, which informed the development of a nomogram. This nomogram\'s performance was validated using receiver operating characteristic analysis.
RESULTS: The study included 381 patients (64.3% female) and evaluated 760 MLIs, with RG present in 26.25% of MLIs. The nomogram incorporated four significant anatomical predictors of RG presence, demonstrating substantial predictive efficacy with an area under the curve of 0.75 in the development cohort and 0.71 in the validation cohort.
CONCLUSIONS: A nomogram for the diagnosis of RG in MLIs was successfully developed. This tool offers a practical checklist of anatomical predictors to improve the diagnostic process in clinical practice.
CONCLUSIONS: The developed nomogram provides a novel, evidence-based tool to enhance the detection and treatment planning of MLIs with RG in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Lung cancer, a leading cause of global cancer-related deaths, necessitates the development of innovative diagnostic techniques. Traditional bronchoscopy, while useful, has limitations in diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) and carries a higher risk of complications such as pneumothorax. However, the field of interventional pulmonology has seen significant advancements, including the introduction of robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (RAB), cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), radial endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS), and rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE). These advancements have greatly improved the precision of diagnosing high-risk PPLs. This report presents the case of a 60-year-old female smoker with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and extensive centrilobular emphysema, who had a peripherally located high-risk pulmonary nodule. She was successfully diagnosed with metastatic adenocarcinoma using an integrated approach, despite the challenging location of the lesion and high risk of pneumothorax. The integration of RAB with CBCT and augmented fluoroscopy offers a groundbreaking approach for diagnosing and managing difficult-to-reach, high-risk pulmonary nodules, marking a significant stride in the field of interventional pulmonology.

UNASSIGNED: Implant success and the state of the surrounding bone require multiple measures, especially in humans, and this study aimed to identify the development of the state of the latter by means of radiographic examination performed during the period of osseointegration as well as investigate the changes in bone density that occur after implant installation and 2 months after functional loading. Implant success rates are affected by bone density at the implant site. Therefore, understanding changes in bone density after dental implant placement is essential, as it correlates with subsequent implant success.
UNASSIGNED: Digital radiographs of 28 implants were taken and evaluated at four intervals: preoperatively, 1 and 3 months postoperatively, and 2 months following placement of the permanent prosthesis. Gray values were measured in different areas around the implants through analyzing X-ray images and measuring bone density around the implants using EzDent - 2D software. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in bone density around implants in three regions: apex, neck, and body, as well as to record average density values during the observation period by measuring digital image gray levels (the gray values of the digital radiographs). This was conducted to determine local bone densities in dental implant recipient sites and to study changes in local bone densities at different intervals, preoperatively and postoperatively and after placement of the prosthesis.
UNASSIGNED: A decrease was observed in gray values proportional to reference values 1-month after implant insertion, but these increased at 3 months after insertion and continued to rise 2 months after placement of the prosthesis in the apical, body, and neck regions of the implant.
UNASSIGNED: Sensor-tuned radiography can be used as an effective method to support clinical follow-ups as well as measure changes in bone densities around implants in critical cases.

The palatogingival groove is a developmental anomaly on the palatal surface of the maxillary anterior teeth. The shallow groove, often less than 1 mm, is challenging to diagnose, particularly in radiographic examinations. Such grooves are mistaken for root fractures. In this case study, we explore the prevalence, types, radiological appearances, and treatment options of type I shallow palatogingival grooves encountered in cone beam computed tomography.