背景:芬太尼试纸(FTS)用于检测其他物质中芬太尼的存在,但阿拉巴马州药剂师关于FTS规定的意见是未知的。
目的:本研究的目的是评估阿拉巴马州药剂师对FTS的知识和看法以及影响社区药房地点和类型的药剂师FTS提供意向的因素。
方法:通过电子邮件将匿名横断面调查分发给社区(零售)药房的阿拉巴马州药剂师。调查包括多项选择题和5分李克特型量表(1=强烈反对,5=强烈同意)由计划行为理论提供信息。主要结果指标包括:知识;一般态度;感知利益;感知障碍;自我效能感;主观规范;感知行为控制(PBC);以及有关FTS提供的意图。使用描述性统计来表征结果,并使用Mann-WhitneyU检验评估药房地点(农村与城市)和类型(公司与独立拥有)的量表得分差异。使用多元线性回归(α=0.05)评估FTS供应意向的预测因子。
结果:受访者(N=131;应答率3.82%)大多是女性(64%)和白种人(92%)。没有受访者在药房储存FTS,对FTS的知识较低(平均[SD]知识得分:58.7%[15.1])。尽管存在感知障碍(平均[SD]量表得分:3.2[0.6]),药剂师的一般态度(3.4[0.5]),感知收益(3.7[0.6]),自我效能感(3.1[0.8]),和意图(3.2[0.7])是积极的。虽然主观规范是积极的(3.5[0.6]),PBC对FTS的决策是否定的(2.7[0.8])。与独立药店相比,公司药店的主观规范较高(p=0.040),PBC较低(p<0.001),但是在任何措施方面,农村和城市地区都不存在差异。此外,感知效益(β=0.342,p=0.002),PBC(β=0.133,p=0.045),自我效能(β=0.142,p=0.034)是积极的预测因子,而感知障碍(β=-0.211,p=0.029)是意图的消极预测因子。
结论:阿拉巴马州社区药剂师对FTS持积极态度,但未来的研究应集中在增加PBC和克服感知障碍的策略上。
BACKGROUND: Fentanyl test strips (FTS) are used to detect the presence of fentanyl in other substances, but Alabama pharmacists\' opinions regarding FTS provision are unknown.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and perceptions of Alabama pharmacists regarding FTS and factors influencing pharmacists\' FTS provision intentions across community pharmacy locations and types.
METHODS: An anonymous cross-sectional survey was distributed via email to Alabama pharmacists employed in community (retail) pharmacies. The survey consisted of multiple-choice questions and 5-point Likert-type scales (1=strongly disagree, 5=strongly agree) informed by the Theory of Planned Behavior. Primary outcome measures included: knowledge; general attitudes; perceived benefits; perceived barriers; self-efficacy; subjective norms; perceived behavioral control (PBC); and intention regarding FTS provision. Outcomes were characterized using descriptive statistics and differences in scales scores across pharmacy locations (rural versus urban) and types (corporately- versus independently-owned) were assessed using Mann-Whitney U tests. Predictors of FTS provision intentions were evaluated using multiple linear regression (alpha=0.05).
RESULTS: Respondents (N=131; 3.82% response rate) were mostly female (64%) and Caucasian (92%). No respondents stocked FTS at their pharmacy and knowledge about FTS was low (mean[SD] knowledge score: 58.7%[15.1]). Despite the existence of perceived barriers (mean[SD] scale score: 3.2[0.6]), pharmacists\' general attitudes (3.4[0.5]), perceived benefits (3.7[0.6]), self-efficacy (3.1[0.8]), and intentions (3.2[0.7]) were positive. While subjective norms were positive (3.5[0.6]), PBC over FTS decision-making was negative (2.7[0.8]). Subjective norms were higher (p=0.040) and PBC was lower (p<0.001) amongst corporately- versus independently-owned pharmacies, but no differences existed between rural and urban locations for any measures. Additionally, perceived benefits (β=0.342, p=0.002), PBC (β=0.133, p=0.045), and self-efficacy (β=0.142, p=0.034) were positive predictors and perceived barriers (β=-0.211, p=0.029) was a negative predictor of intention.
CONCLUSIONS: Alabama community pharmacists have positive attitudes regarding FTS, but future research should focus on strategies to increase PBC and overcome perceived barriers.