Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia manifesting with mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms, generally mild to moderate. The presence of severe symptoms or complications is rare but can be life-threatening and should be promptly diagnosed and treated. We present the case of a 14-year-old female presenting with abdominal tenderness and signs of peritoneal irritation and found to exhibit petechial rash in the buccal mucosa, scant petechiae, and superficial ecchymosis in both arms and legs on physical examination. Laboratory evaluation revealed severe thrombocytopenia and normocytic anemia. Abdominal ultrasound showed a significant peritoneal hematic effusion. The diagnosis of ITP with spontaneous peritoneal hemorrhage was made, and she was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and antibiotic therapy, as well as one packed red blood cell transfusion because of worsened anemia on re-evaluation. A gradual rise in platelet count and hemoglobin was observed, as well as a gradual resolution of the peritoneal hemorrhage, with no further therapy.

Alopecia areata (AA) has long been considered a challenging clinical condition, with dermatologists traditionally employing corticosteroids and immunosuppressants in search of effective solutions. The introduction of Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi), specifically the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of baricitinib, marked a significant breakthrough in the treatment of AA. Clinical trials have shown promising results with baricitinib, and reports of relapse after initial success are scarce. We present a unique case of a 30-year-old male with severe patch-type AA who initially responded well to baricitinib treatment but later experienced a relapse despite continued treatment.

Keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei (KPAF) and frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) present diagnostic challenges due to their similar clinical characteristics. Dermatologists often employ overlapping treatment regimens, which may hinder accurate diagnosis and treatment expectations. Genetic testing offers promise for precise diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies, yet its utility in these conditions remains underexplored. This manuscript presents a unique case study of a 36-year-old male with symptoms of both KPAF and FFA, who underwent genetic testing. Despite testing negative for this mutation, the case underscores the potential of genetic testing to enhance diagnostic accuracy and optimize treatment outcomes.

Bronchial asthma and chronic polypous rhinosinusitis are diseases associated with a T2-inflammatory immune response. These nosologies can be combined, creating the preconditions for a more severe course of multimorbidity, requiring the use of genetic engineering biological therapy. Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody that can specifically bind to the alpha subunit of the interleukin-4 receptor and block the action of interleukins 4 and 13, which play a key role in the development of T2 inflammation. Numerous studies have demonstrated the high effectiveness of this medicament. The use of dupilumab in some cases may be accompanied by an increase in eosinophils in the blood. This article presents scientific base and our own experience in treating patients with dupilumab-associated eosinophilia, in addition we describe an algorithm for examining this group of patients for the purpose of timely diagnosis of diseases such as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, eosinophilic pneumonia, etc. It should be noted that in the most cases eosinophilia during targeted therapy with dupilumab is temporary and does not cause clinical manifestations.
Бронхиальная астма и хронический полипозный риносинусит являются заболеваниями, ассоциированными с Т2-воспалительным иммунным ответом. Данные нозологии могут носить сочетанный характер, создавая предпосылки для более тяжелого течения мультиморбидности, требующей применения генно-инженерной биологической терапии. Дупилумаб представляет собой моноклональное антитело, которое способно специфически связываться с a-субъединицей рецептора интерлейкина(ИЛ)-4 и блокировать действие ИЛ-4 и ИЛ-13, играющих ключевую роль в развитии Т2-воспаления. Многочисленные исследования продемонстрировали высокую эффективность данного лекарственного препарата. Иногда применение дупилумаба может сопровождаться повышением эозинофилов в крови. В статье представлены научный обзор и собственный опыт ведения пациентов с дупилумаб-ассоциированной эозинофилией, а также алгоритм обследования данной группы больных с целью своевременной диагностики таких заболеваний, как эозинофильный гранулематоз с полиангиитом, эозинофильная пневмония и др. Необходимо отметить, что чаще всего эозинофилия во время таргетной терапии дупилумабом носит временный характер и не вызывает клинических проявлений.

Anthrax remains a threat, especially in countries like Kyrgyzstan with developed livestock farming. Despite preventive efforts, sporadic outbreaks endure on an annual basis, transmitted from infected animals to humans. Here, we report a severe anthrax case in an 8-month-old child known to be caused when a sick calf was slaughtered in the neighborhood without proper protocols, resulting in intra-family infection. This underscores the importance of swift diagnosis, treatment, preventive measures, and awareness of zoonotic infections, animal vaccination and adherence to sanitary and veterinary protocols.

The most common cause of severe cognitive impairment in adults is Alzheimer\'s disease (AD). Depending on the age of onset, AD is divided into early (<65 years) and late (≥65 years) forms. Early-onset AD (EOAD) is significantly less common than later-onset AD (LOAD) and accounts for only about 5-10% of cases. However, its medical and social significance, as a disease leading to loss of ability to work and legal capacity, as well as premature death in patients aged 40-64 years, is extremely high. Patients with EOAD compared with LOAD have a greater number of atypical clinical variants - 25% and 6-12.5%, respectively, which complicates the differential diagnosis of EOAD with other neurodegenerative diseases. However, the typical classical amnestic variant predominates in both EOAD and LOAD. Also, patients with EOAD have peculiarities according to neuroimaging data: when performing MRI of the brain, patients with EOAD often have more pronounced parietal atrophy and less pronounced hippocampal atrophy compared to patients with LOAD. The article pays attention to the features of the clinical and neuroimaging data in patients with EOAD; a case of a patient with EOAD is presented.
Наиболее распространенной причиной выраженных когнитивных нарушений у взрослых является болезнь Альцгеймера (БА). В зависимости от возраста начала БА подразделяют на раннюю (<65 лет) и позднюю (≥65 лет) формы. БА с ранним началом (БАсРН) по частоте встречаемости значительно уступает более позднему дебюту заболевания и составляет всего около 5—10% случаев. Однако ее медико-социальная значимость как заболевания, приводящего к утрате трудоспособности и дееспособности, а также преждевременной смерти у пациентов в возрасте 40—64 лет, крайне высока. У пациентов с БАсРН по сравнению с БА с поздним началом (БАсПН) отмечается большее количество атипичных клинических вариантов — 25 и 6—12,5% соответственно, что усложняет дифференциальную диагностику БАсРН с другими нейродегенеративными заболеваниями. Тем не менее типичный амнестический вариант преобладает как при БАсПН, так и БАсРН. Также у пациентов с БАсРН наблюдаются особенности по данным нейровизуализации: при выполнении МРТ головного мозга у пациентов с БАсРН чаще отмечается более выраженная теменная атрофия и менее выраженная атрофия гиппокампа по сравнению с пациентами с БАсПН. В статье уделено внимание особенностям клинической и нейровизуализационной картины у пациентов с БАсРН; представлен клинический случай пациента с БАсРН.

The rare fungus Candida saopaulonensis has never been reported to be associated with human infection. We report the draft genome sequence of the first clinical isolate of C. saopaulonensis, which was isolated from a very premature infant with sepsis. This is the first genome assembly reaching the near-complete chromosomal level with structural annotation for this species, opening up avenues for exploring evolutionary patterns and genetic mechanisms of pathogenesis.

Acanthamoeba infection is associated with keratitis in humans; however, its association with keratitis in dogs remains unclear. To investigate this possibility, we collected 171 conjunctival swab samples from dogs with eye-related diseases (65 with keratitis and 106 without keratitis) at Chungbuk National University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Korea, from August 2021 to September 2022. Polymerase chain reaction identified 9 samples (5.3%) as Acanthamoeba positive; of these, 3 were from dogs with keratitis (4.6%) and 6 were from dogs without keratitis (5.7%). Our results indicated no significant association between Acanthamoeba infection and keratitis, season, sex, or age. All Acanthamoeba organisms found in this study had the genotype T4, according to 18S ribosomal RNA analysis. Acanthamoeba infection in dogs might have only a limited association with keratitis.

We present a clinical case of a 50-year-old female initially suspected of seborrheic keratosis but later diagnosed with melanoma through biopsy. This case highlights the challenges in distinguishing between these two conditions and emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis. Overdiagnosis of malignancy in seborrheic keratosis cases and the accurate identification of melanoma through dermoscopy are discussed. Further research is needed to explore potential mechanistic connections between seborrheic keratosis and melanoma.

Tick-borne encephalitis was limited to northeast portions of Italy. We report in Lombardy, a populous region in the northwest, a chamois displaying clinical signs of tickborne encephalitis virus that had multiple virus-positive ticks attached, as well as a symptomatic man. Further, we show serologic evidence of viral circulation in the area.