最近在家禽中检测到的高致病性禽流感(HPAI)H5N8病毒的进化枝2.3.4.4鼓励我们研究6种最广泛使用的可销售H5家禽疫苗接种(二价[AIND],Re-5H5N1,H5N1,H5N3,单价AI,单价ND)含或不含8%印em(Azadirachtaindica)叶提取物作为免疫刺激剂。将一百三十只鸟随机分为7组。第1、2、3、4、5和6组分为2个亚组(G1a,G2a,G3a,G4a,G5a,G6a)和(G1b,G2b,G3b,G4b,G5b,G6b),每只10只鸟。子组(G1a,G2a,G3a,G4a,G5a,G6a)收到(二价[AI+ND],Re-H5N1,H5N1,H5N3,单价AI,单价ND)疫苗,而亚组(G1b,G2b,G3b,G4b,G5b,G6b)接受了相同的先前疫苗接种,但在疫苗接种前和接种后2天施用了印em叶提取物,和G7与10只鸟保持未接种疫苗作为阳性对照组。受攻击组的临床体征显示结膜炎,闭着眼睛,梳子和荆棘中的紫癜,眼放电,和绿色腹泻,而死后病变显示气管和肺充血,小腿出血,proventricuus,和胰腺;下颌下凝胶状液,所有器官充血(败血症),斑驳的脾脏.在用二价疫苗和Re-H5N1处理的印em叶提取物中,临床体征和病变是轻度的,而在有或没有印em叶提取物处理的单价疫苗和H5N3中,临床体征和病变是中度的,在有或没有印em叶提取物处理的H5N1免疫组中达到重度。二价疫苗中的保护水平(AI+ND),Re-5H5N1,和H5N3处理与印度的叶提取物,80%,80%,60%,分别,而二价疫苗(AI+ND),未经治疗的Re-5H5N1和H5N3为60%,60%,40%,分别。在接种二价疫苗和用印em叶提取物处理的Re-H5N1疫苗的组中,可以防止病毒脱落。与H5N3,H5N1和单价疫苗相比,接种了印em叶提取物的H5N3和不含印em叶提取物的Re-H5N1疫苗的组下降了。疫苗接种后的免疫反应在二价疫苗组中比在其他商业疫苗组用印em叶提取物处理更强,在第三周和第四周的几何平均滴度(GMTs)为315.2和207.9,分别。使用免疫刺激剂抗病毒药用植物,比如neem,完全保护鸡群免受HPAI(H5N8)的侵害,并防止AI病毒脱落,我们得出的结论是,二价疫苗的使用比其他不同的商业疫苗诱导更高的免疫反应。
The recently detected clade 2.3.4.4 of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus in poultry encouraged us to study the efficacy of the 6 most extensively used saleable H5 poultry vaccinations (bivalent [AI + ND], Re-5 H5N1, H5N1, H5N3, monovalent AI, monovalent ND) with or without aqueous 8% neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract as an immunostimulant. One hundred thirty birds were randomly divided into 7 groups. Groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were divided into 2 subgroups (G1a, G2a, G3a, G4a, G5a, G6a) and (G1b, G2b, G3b, G4b, G5b, G6b) with 10 birds each. Subgroups (G1a, G2a, G3a, G4a, G5a, G6a) received the (bivalent [AI + ND], Re-H5N1, H5N1, H5N3, monovalent AI, monovalent ND) vaccines, while subgroups (G1b, G2b, G3b, G4b, G5b, G6b) received the same previous vaccination but treated with neem leaf extract administrated 2 d before and after vaccination, and G7 with 10 birds was kept unvaccinated as positive control group. Clinical signs of the challenged group showed conjunctivitis, closed eyes, cyanosis in comb and wattle, ocular discharge, and greenish diarrhea, while postmortem lesions showed congested trachea and lung, hemorrhage on the shank, proventriculus, and pancreas; gelatinous fluid submandibular, congestion of all organs (septicemia), mottled spleen. The clinical signs and lesions were mild in neem leaf extract treated with bivalent vaccine and Re-H5N1 while moderate in monovalent vaccine and H5N3 with or without neem leaf extract treated and reached severe in the group immunized with H5N1 with or without neem leaf extract treatment. The protection levels in the bivalent vaccine (AI + ND), Re-5 H5N1, and H5N3 treated with neem leaf extract, were 80%, 80%, and 60%, respectively, while bivalent vaccine (AI + ND), Re-5 H5N1 and H5N3 without treatment were 60%, 60%, and 40%, respectively. The virus shedding was prevented in groups vaccinated with bivalent vaccine and Re-H5N1 vaccine treated with neem leaf extract, while decreased in the group vaccinated with H5N3 with neem leaf extract and Re-H5N1 without neem leaf extract compared with H5N3, H5N1, and monovalent vaccine. The immunological response after vaccination was stronger in the bivalent vaccine group than in the other commercial vaccine groups treated with neem leaf extract, with geometric mean titer (GMTs) of 315.2 and 207.9 at the third and fourth weeks, respectively. The use of immunostimulant antiviral medicinal plants, such as neem, completely protected chicken flocks against HPAI (H5N8) and prevented AI virus shedding, leading us to the conclusion that the use of bivalent vaccines induces a higher immune response than other different commercial vaccines.