来自可燃香烟(CC)的烟雾含有许多有害化学物质,可以损害生存能力,扩散,和免疫细胞的激活,影响慢性炎症性疾病的进展。为了避免吸烟的有害影响,许多CC用户已经用加热烟草产品(HTPs)代替了CC。由于烟草加工方法的不同,CC来源的烟雾和HTP来源的气溶胶含有不同的化学成分。除了尼古丁,HTP来源的气溶胶含有比CC来源的烟雾低得多的有害成分。由于HTP对免疫细胞驱动的炎症的依赖作用仍然未知,在这里,我们使用流式细胞术分析,细胞内染色,和酶联免疫吸附试验,以确定CCs和HTPs对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者全身炎症反应的影响,糖尿病(DM),和慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)。CCs和HTPs均显著调节循环免疫细胞中细胞因子的产生,影响COPD的全身炎症反应,DM,和UC患者。与CC相比,HTPs诱导炎症细胞因子合成的能力较弱(IFN-γ,IL-1β,IL-5,IL-6,IL-12,IL-23,IL-17,TNF-α),但更有效地诱导免疫抑制性IL-10和IL-35的产生。此外,HTPs显著增强促纤维化TGF-β的合成。CCs和HTPs的持续使用加重了COPD和DM患者的免疫细胞驱动的全身性炎症,但在UC患者中没有,表明CC来源的烟雾和HTP来源的气溶胶的免疫调节作用是疾病特异性的,并且需要确定特定的免疫细胞驱动的炎性疾病。
Smoke derived from combustible cigarettes (CCs) contains numerous harmful chemicals that can impair the viability, proliferation, and activation of immune cells, affecting the progression of chronic inflammatory diseases. In order to avoid the detrimental effects of cigarette smoking, many CC users have replaced CCs with heated tobacco products (HTPs). Due to different methods of tobacco processing, CC-sourced smoke and HTP-derived aerosols contain different chemical constituents. With the exception of nicotine, HTP-sourced aerosols contain significantly lower amounts of harmful constituents than CC-derived smoke. Since HTP-dependent effects on immune-cell-driven inflammation are still unknown, herein we used flow cytometry analysis, intracellular staining, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the impact of CCs and HTPs on systemic inflammatory response in patients suffering from ulcerative colitis (UC), diabetes mellitus (DM), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Both CCs and HTPs significantly modulated cytokine production in circulating immune cells, affecting the systemic inflammatory response in COPD, DM, and UC patients. Compared to CCs, HTPs had weaker capacity to induce the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, IL-17, TNF-α), but more efficiently induced the production of immunosuppressive IL-10 and IL-35. Additionally, HTPs significantly enhanced the synthesis of pro-fibrotic TGF-β. The continuous use of CCs and HTPs aggravated immune-cell-driven systemic inflammation in COPD and DM patients, but not in UC patients, suggesting that the immunomodulatory effects of CC-derived smoke and HTP-sourced aerosols are disease-specific, and need to be determined for specific immune-cell-driven inflammatory diseases.