沿海地区,居住着世界上很大一部分人口,面对一个巨大的挑战:富含氯化物的环境对重要基础设施的腐蚀性影响。这些地区通常拥有基本的运输系统,比如火车和地铁,依赖预先存在的电力基础设施。不幸的是,完全隔离这个基础设施很少可行,导致杂散电流和电势的出现,加速腐蚀过程。当与促进化学电池形成的有益介质结合时,钢筋混凝土构件的腐蚀显著加速。为了解决这个问题,国际标准已经建立,主要集中在增加钢筋盖的厚度和限制轨道和地面之间的杂散电压。然而,这些措施仅提供部分解决方案。当承受服务负荷时,这些元素产生裂缝,特别是当暴露于杂散电流和氯化物时,急剧增加腐蚀速率。腐蚀产物,与钢相比体积膨胀,施加扩大裂缝的内力,加速结构元素的恶化。该研究涉及钢筋混凝土柱在荷载的共同作用下的退化,富含氯化物的环境,和电压模拟杂散电流。在这些条件下,与空载条件相比,承载能力的退化和降低加速,显着放大腐蚀速率。令人惊讶的是,即使在没有机械载荷的情况下,由于腐蚀产物的形成,杂散电流单独在元素中引起拉伸应力,导致平行于钢筋的纵向裂缝。
Coastal regions, home to a significant portion of the world\'s population, confront a formidable challenge: the corrosive impact of chloride-rich environments on vital infrastructure. These areas often host essential transportation systems, such as trains and metros, reliant on pre-existing electrical infrastructure. Unfortunately, complete isolation of this infrastructure is rarely feasible, resulting in the emergence of stray currents and electrical potentials that expedite corrosion processes. When coupled with conducive mediums facilitating chemical electrocell formation, the corrosion of reinforced concrete elements accelerates significantly. To combat this issue, international standards have been established, primarily focusing on augmenting the thickness of reinforcement bar covers and restricting stray voltage between rails and the ground. Nevertheless, these measures only provide partial solutions. When subjected to service loads, these elements develop cracks, especially when exposed to stray currents and chlorides, dramatically increasing corrosion rates. Corrosion products, which expand in volume compared to steel, exert internal forces that widen cracks, hastening the deterioration of structural elements. The study deals with the degradation of reinforced concrete columns under the combined action of loads, chloride-rich environments, and electrical voltage-simulating stray currents. In these conditions, degradation and reduction of load-bearing capacity accelerate compared to unloaded conditions, significantly amplifying the corrosion rate. Astonishingly, even in the absence of mechanical loads, stray currents alone induce tensile stresses in elements due to corrosion product formation, leading to longitudinal cracks parallel to the reinforcement bars.