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UNASSIGNED: Nurses\' involvement of children in their care is essential to quality pediatric care. Various international guidelines stress the need for children\'s involvement in decisions and activities affecting their care and lives; widely known among them is the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. This convention gives children the right to participate in decisions and activities that affect their growth and development.
UNASSIGNED: This study assessed the level of nursing staff involvement of children in care activities and the benefits they perceived from this involvement.
UNASSIGNED: Descriptive cross-sectional study.
UNASSIGNED: Units of Evangelical Church of Ghana Hospital, Kpandai rendering services for children.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 116 nursing staff members were invited to participate; 97 (84%) responded. The term \"nurses\" in this study includes unlicensed nursing assistants, as well as licensed professional nursing staff.
UNASSIGNED: Descriptive statistics were used to analyze participants\' demographic characteristics and the nurses\' perceived benefits derived from children\'s involvement in care activities. A Chi-square test was used to analyze associations between nurses\' demographic data and the level of nurses\' involvement of children in care activities at a significance level of p< 0.05.
UNASSIGNED: A majority (56.7%) of the nurses poorly involved children in their care activities. They either involved children to some extent or did not involve children at all. Nurses\' age and gender predicted involvement. Older nurses aged 30 and above (56.4%) were more likely to involve children in care activities than those under 30 (26.1%) [p=0.003]. Female nurses (31.7%) were marginally less likely to involve children in their care activities than their male colleagues (51.8%) [p=0.049]. Most of the nurses agreed to several impactful benefits of involving children in care activities, thus benefiting children, caregivers, and health professionals.
UNASSIGNED: The overall level of nurses\' involvement of children in care activities was poor. Policy documents to safeguard children\'s rights in healthcare involvement must be developed and implemented from the national down to the hospital level to safeguard children\'s rights to healthcare involvement.

The World Health Organization\'s (WHO) designation of noma as a neglected tropical disease (NTD) on 15 December 2023 marks a crucial advancement in global health efforts. This move sheds light on a condition predominantly affecting undernourished children in isolated regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Recognized as the 21st NTD, noma, or cancrum oris, is a serious condition leading to orofacial gangrene. The disease largely impacts young children and those with compromised immune systems, including individuals with human immunodeficiency virus or leukaemia. Determining the exact prevalence of noma is complex, hindered by rapid disease progression, societal stigma and a lack of reporting, especially in impoverished areas. The WHO\'s acknowledgment is a significant step, emphasizing the need for more in-depth research and resources to address this overlooked disease. It highlights the critical role of multifaceted prevention strategies, including economic empowerment, improved nutrition and enhanced vaccination efforts. This recognition is pivotal in guiding international health initiatives towards better outcomes for some of the most at-risk populations globally.

Our study sought to understand adult decision-makers\' views on what was important for actualising children\'s ideas using co-design, towards creating health-promoting local environments. Ten adult decision-makers, experienced in co-design with children aged 5-13 years in Aotearoa New Zealand, participated in individual interviews. We generated three themes (Empowering children within co-design; Being intentional about children\'s influence; Curating who is involved) using reflexive thematic analysis. Our themes informed a novel framework of \'impactful co-design\' accompanied by a practical checklist for adult decision-makers (practitioners, policy-makers, and researchers). Study findings affirm co-designing local neighbourhoods as an inherently social and technical endeavour, advocate for greater consideration of inclusivity and cultural context, and highlight the need for co-design with children to include safety, empowerment, and evaluation. We position impactful co-design as one useful process to enact children\'s meaningful participation.

This study endeavors to scrutinize the perspectives of primary school teachers regarding children\'s rights. Employing qualitative research methods, particularly a case study approach, the research delves into the insights of 14 teachers working in a primary school within the Turkish Cypriot region during the 2022-2023 academic year. Data collection was facilitated through the utilization of a semi-structured interview form, and subsequent analysis was conducted via content analysis. The findings underscore a discernible lack of adequate knowledge among teachers pertaining to children\'s rights, particularly in the context of violations occurring on social media platforms. In response, recommendations are posited, advocating for the implementation of in-service training programs to enhance teachers\' awareness, the integration of children\'s rights throughout all stages of primary education, collaborative efforts between the Turkish Education Institution and the Information Technologies Communication Authority to raise awareness among families and educators, and the inclusion of a dedicated course on children\'s rights in the curriculum of the Turkish Cypriot Region Teacher Academy and university faculties of education.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic increased the likelihood of child maltreatment and made already difficult circumstances for children and their families much worse. This increased the significance of the child protection system\'s role in responding to child maltreatment and ensuring children\'s rights, including their right to a safe life without violence. Unfortunately, accumulating evidence has indicated that the rates of child maltreatment increased during the pandemic.
OBJECTIVE: The current study sought to identify the gaps within child protection responses in various countries during the COVID-19 pandemic and to discover how we can respond to crises in the future while preserving children\'s rights, including their right to protection from maltreatment.
METHODS: Five focus groups with a total of 47 professionals working with children from various countries were conducted via Zoom and analyzed using a thematic approach.
RESULTS: Three main themes were identified: 1) gaps in policies, 2) gaps in practice, and 3) professionals\' messages to improve policy and practice.
CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasizes what was missed in child protection policy and practice, highlighting the continuous neglect of children\'s needs and voices within policies, practices and guidelines worldwide during the pandemic. Professionals\' recommendations for policy and practice are also discussed.

OBJECTIVE: Children\'s rights must be realized in all children-related settings, such as hospitals. This study aimed to assess children\'s rights in hospital settings in Afghanistan in 2021.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey using the World Health Organization questionnaire was conducted. It was distributed among the randomly selected healthcare providers in the studied hospital. One hundred forty-two hospital managers, physicians, and nurses participated in the study. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used to analyze the results in SPSS.
RESULTS: In this study, 54.2% of participants were men, 59.9% had a bachelor\'s degree, and most were 20-30 years old (56.7%). The total score of the hospital in fulfilling children\'s rights was 1.71 ± 0.46. Among different children\'s rights, \"equality and non-discrimination\" received the highest score (2.01 ± 0.59), and the lowest was for \"play and learning\" (1.1 ± 0.46). There was a meaningful relationship between education level, years of work experience, and the scores given to children\'s rights. Various dimensions of the rights had significant relationships (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The hospital has taken action to fulfill children\'s rights. The main gaps include the lack of adolescent-friendly health services, opportunities to play and learn, and child protection. Hospital managers, staff, and the public should be educated on children\'s rights. Moreover, protocols for improving children\'s rights and a monitoring system are needed.
CONCLUSIONS: Children\'s rights should receive special attention in hospitals. Educating children, parents, service providers, health policymakers, and society about children\'s rights is essential. They should know their responsibilities regarding children.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 significantly worsened already challenging circumstances for children and their families and globally increased the likelihood of child maltreatment. This risk heightened the urgency of child protection professionals in preventing child maltreatment and defending children\'s rights. The vast and growing body of research on protecting children from child maltreatment during COVID-19 has emphasized practitioners\' tremendous difficulty in this arena.
OBJECTIVE: The current international study sought to identify the experiences and responses of child protection professionals to child maltreatment during COVID-19.
METHODS: Five real-time, virtual focus groups were conducted among professionals who work with children from countries around the globe.
METHODS: Reflexive thematic analysis was employed to analyze the focus group transcripts.
RESULTS: The participants identified their experiences and challenges in performing their role of protecting children. Additionally, they shared context-adapted and innovative responses to child maltreatment, while emphasizing self-care and their mental health.
CONCLUSIONS: The results highlighted that child protection was significantly more challenging during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, they underlined the importance of establishing practices and policies for child protection in crisis times as well as ensuring both children\'s and professionals\' well-being and mental health.

OBJECTIVE: To gain an understanding of children\'s experiences of expressing their views and having them heard in Australian healthcare settings.
METHODS: Child-centred qualitative research. A deductive qualitative content analysis was undertaken.
METHODS: Data were collected from 20 Australian children and young people between the ages of 7 and 18 years old using the \'draw, write and tell\' method.
RESULTS: Children\'s experiences of \'space\' and \'voice\', and therefore the opportunity to express their views in health care were, in the main, positive. At the same time, their experiences of \'audience\' and \'influence\', the situations in which those views are given due weight, were overwhelmingly described as negative.
CONCLUSIONS: Australian paediatric health services appear to have responded to calls to provide children with the opportunity to express their views and thus are delivering on the elements of \'space\' and \'voice\', whereas the realisation of \'audience\' and \'influence\' has some way to go. Due weight is not always given to children\'s views.
UNASSIGNED: The Lundy model can be used to facilitate a better understanding of the concept of voice, and the responsibility of health organisations in implementing the rights of children and young people, as articulated in Article 12.
CONCLUSIONS: Children and young people have a right to express their views and have them heard in health care, but their experiences in Australian health care are unknown. While children\'s experiences of expressing their views in health care were mostly positive, their views are not always taken seriously or given due weight. This research impacts child health professionals in Australia and internationally.
UNASSIGNED: The study is reported using the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR).
UNASSIGNED: Members of the Youth Advisory Council of two tertiary children\'s hospitals were consulted and invited to become members of the research team.

This paper discusses children\'s right to play and its bioethical importance for children affected by war. Against the background of the current military conflicts, it analyses physical, psychological, and institutional factors that limit children\'s right to play in a situation involving armed conflict. Considering that the lack of institutional support of play for children affected by war constitutes a failure to fulfil our societal and political obligation under Article 31 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, this paper analyses the understanding of play adopted in this legal instrument. In line with the distinctions made in the Convention, it discusses the importance of play for children\'s life and survival, for their health and well-being, as well as for the recovery of trauma experienced by children affected by armed conflict. It thereby aims to contribute to the recognition and protection of this right on the grounds of bioethics and healthcare.