背景:自1997年以来,需要安装双安全气囊并可在所有机动车辆中使用。美国国家公路交通安全管理局报告说,从1987年到2017年,安全气囊挽救了50,457条生命;但是,气囊展开会造成伤害,包括热和化学烧伤,色素沉着过度,和感觉障碍。文献中很少有关于及时拜访整形外科医生和等待治疗之间结果差异的信息。特别是由于损伤可能不会立即出现,或者患者可能不知道安全气囊烧伤可能会延迟出现。
方法:这是一项回顾性队列试点研究,对2019年1月1日至2022年6月30日期间因安全气囊展开造成伤害而向整形外科医生就诊的14名患者进行了研究。早期访问被认为≤30天,迟到的访问时间>30天。收集的其他变量包括年龄,性别,Fitzpatrick皮肤类型,吸烟状况,合并症,损伤类型,损伤部位,疼痛状态,色素沉着过度,感觉障碍,上皮化,和改善疼痛,色素沉着,和治疗的感觉障碍。
结果:平均年龄为36.0岁(标准差(SD)17.9)。大多数是女性(85.7%),非吸烟者(87.5%),而非糖尿病(75.0%)。只有6名患者(42.9%)在受伤后一个月内去看了医生。大多数患者经历了感觉障碍(85.7%)和疼痛(71.4%)。14名患者中有13名患有色素沉着过度或充血,还有一个色素沉着减退.35.7%可见完全或轻微的上皮形成,14例患者中有9例没有上皮形成。持续的问题是这些患者中64.3%的因素;42.9%的患者持续存在色素沉着过度的问题。28.6%的患者完全康复。从受伤之日起30天或更短(早期)看整形外科医生的患者色素沉着改善了66.7%,疼痛缓解了33.3%。那些超过30天(迟到)去看外科医生的人,25%的色素沉着得到改善,37.5%的疼痛得到缓解。两组的感觉障碍都有改善,但是那些早期看到整形外科医生的人有33.3%的分辨率,而迟到的人中有37.5%有所改善。在那些迟到的外科医生中,只有12.5%有上皮形成,而66.7%的人在30天内出现(完全或轻微)上皮化的迹象。
结论:应告知发生机动车碰撞(MVCs)的患者安全气囊烧伤的延迟方式。表面上轻微的烧伤可能预示着长期的后果,特别是如果这种伤害没有及时解决。我们的研究证明了如何通过早期护理最好地解决安全气囊烧伤及其后遗症。
BACKGROUND: Dual airbags are required to be installed and available for use in all motor vehicles since 1997. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reported that 50,457 lives were saved by airbags from 1987 to 2017; however, airbag deployment can cause injuries, including thermal and chemical burns, hyperpigmentation, and dysaesthesia. There is little information available in the literature regarding differences in outcomes between promptly visiting a plastic surgeon and waiting for treatment, especially as an injury may not be immediately apparent or patients may not know that airbag burn injuries may be delayed in presenting.
METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort pilot study conducted among 14 patients who presented to a plastic surgeon between January 1, 2019 and June 30, 2022 owing to injuries from airbag deployment. An early visit was considered ≤30 days, and a late visit was >30 days. Other variables collected included age, sex, Fitzpatrick skin type, smoking status, comorbidities, type of injury, injury site, pain status, hyper/hypopigmentation, dysaesthesia, epithelialization, and improvements in pain, pigmentation, and dysaesthesia from treatment.
RESULTS: The mean age was 36.0 years (standard deviation (SD) 17.9). The majority were female (85.7%), non-smokers (87.5%), and not diabetic (75.0%). Only six patients (42.9%) visited their doctor within one month of injury. Most patients experienced dysaesthesia (85.7%) and pain (71.4%). Thirteen of the 14 patients had hyperpigmentation or hyperemia, and one had hypopigmentation. Full or slight epithelialization was seen in 35.7%, and nine of the 14 patients had no epithelialization. Ongoing issues were a factor for 64.3% of these patients; 42.9% had ongoing issues with hyperpigmentation. A full recovery was seen in 28.6% of the patients. The patients who saw the plastic surgeon by day 30 or less (early) from the time of injury had a 66.7% improvement in pigmentation and 33.3% resolution in pain. Of those who went to the surgeon beyond 30 days (late), 25% had improvement in pigmentation and 37.5% had resolution of pain. Improvement in dysaesthesia occurred in both groups, but those who saw the plastic surgeon early had 33.3% resolution, while 37.5% of those who went late improved. Of those who went late to the surgeon, only 12.5% had epithelialization, while 66.7% of those who went within 30 days showed signs of (full or slight) epithelialization.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients involved in motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) should be informed of the delayed fashion in which airbag burns can develop. An ostensibly mild burn may portend long-term consequences, especially if such injuries are not addressed in a prompt manner. Our study demonstrates how airbag burn injuries and their sequelae are best addressed with early care.