背景:地中海果蝇,头皮炎,是世界热带和亚热带地区危害水果和蔬菜的最重要的害虫之一。基于Semiochemical的害虫管理计划正在用于为medfly提供环境友好的控制方法。当前研究的目标是发现潜在的新的,有吸引力,通过设计,合成,并在雄性C.capatata的短程吸引测定和电触角图(EAG)测定中测试麝香草酚和香芹酚的简化醚及其醚衍生物。据我们所知,这项研究代表了百里酚和香芹酚的首次研究,以及它们各自的醚对C.capatata的吸引力,世界范围内的主要农业害虫。
结果:在短程吸引生物测定中,母体化合物,百里酚和香芹酚,连同他们的丙基,丁基,苄基,辛基醚捕获了大多数雄性C.capatata。吸引模式随时间变化,并且捕获仅在90分钟时大于阳性对照茶树油(TTO)时才显著。在EAG分析中,百里酚苄基,辛基醚,香芹酚苄醚引起的触角反应明显大于其母体化合物。EAG反应与短距离男性吸引力无关。百里酚和香芹酚的脂肪族侧链对活性影响较小。未来的研究将研究引发大EAG反应的醚的长期吸引力。
结论:该报告为通过对不育雄性medfly的合成和结构活性研究发现潜在的airomones提供了新的信息。百里酚,香芹酚,与TTO(一种强大的medfly引诱剂)相比,它们的几种醚衍生物显示出更长的吸引力寿命,在实验室生物测定中,在90分钟时观察到的捕获量明显高于TTO。该系列中百里酚和香芹酚醚的进一步化学合成可能导致比它们的母体化合物更具吸引力或持久性的醚的发展。百里酚和香芹酚.©2024化学工业学会。本文由美国政府雇员贡献,他们的工作在美国的公共领域。
BACKGROUND: The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, is one of the most economically important insect pests attacking fruits and vegetables in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Semiochemical-based pest management programs are being used to provide environmentally friendly control methods for medflies. The goals of the current study were to discover potential new, attractive, kairomones by designing, synthesizing, and testing simplified ethers of thymol and carvacrol along with their ether derivatives in short-range attraction assays and electroantennogram (EAG) assays with male C. capitata. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first investigation of thymol and
carvacrol, and their respective ethers for attractancy to C. capitata, a major agricultural pest worldwide.
RESULTS: In short-range attraction bioassays, parent compounds, thymol and
carvacrol, along with their propyl, butyl, benzyl, and octyl ethers captured the most male C. capitata. The attraction patterns changed over time and captures were only significant if they were greater than the positive control tea tree oil (TTO) at 90 min. In EAG assays, thymol benzyl, octyl ethers, and carvacrol benzyl ether evoked significantly greater antennal responses than their parent compounds. The EAG responses did not correlate with short-range male attraction. The aliphatic side chains of thymol and
carvacrol had a small effect on the activity. Future studies will investigate the long-range attraction of the ethers that elicited large EAG responses.
CONCLUSIONS: This report provides new information for discovering potential kairomones through synthesis and structure-activity studies for sterile male medflies. Thymol,
carvacrol, and several of their ether derivatives displayed improved longevity of attraction compared with TTO (a strong medfly attractant), with significantly higher captures than TTO observed at 90 min in laboratory bioassays. Further chemical synthesis of thymol and carvacrol ethers within this series may lead to the development of ethers that are more attractive or persistent than their parent compounds, thymol and
carvacrol. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.