类胡萝卜素对光合生物的光合作用和光保护至关重要,广泛用于食品着色,饲料添加剂,营养食品,化妆品,和药物。作物植物或藻类中的类胡萝卜素生物强化被认为是改善人类营养和健康的可持续策略。然而,类胡萝卜素积累的调节机制仍然不系统,在藻类中尤其稀缺。本文主要研究植物和藻类通过调节因子(转录因子和调节蛋白)对类胡萝卜素积累的调节机制,证明了类胡萝卜素稳态调节的复杂性,主要包括以转录调控为主要机制,随后的翻译后调节,并与其他代谢过程交联。植物的不同器官和不同的植物/藻类通常具有特定的生物合成调节机制。storage,以及响应环境和发育信号的类胡萝卜素降解。在植物和藻类中,监管机构,如MYB,bHLH,MADS,bZIP,AP2/ERF,WRKY,和橙色蛋白质可以参与类胡萝卜素代谢的调节。还有更多的监管机构,监管网络,机制有待探索。我们的论文将为植物和藻类中类胡萝卜素生物强化的多目标或多途径工程提供基础。
Carotenoids are essential for photosynthesis and photoprotection in photosynthetic organisms, which are widely used in food coloring, feed additives, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Carotenoid biofortification in crop plants or algae has been considered as a sustainable strategy to improve human nutrition and health. However, the regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation are still not systematic and particularly scarce in algae. This article focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation in plants and algae through regulatory factors (transcription factors and regulatory proteins), demonstrating the complexity of homeostasis regulation of carotenoids, mainly including transcriptional regulation as the primary mechanism, subsequent post-translational regulation, and cross-linking with other metabolic processes. Different organs of plants and different plant/algal species usually have specific regulatory mechanisms for the biosynthesis, storage, and degradation of carotenoids in response to the environmental and developmental signals. In plants and algae, regulators such as MYB, bHLH, MADS, bZIP, AP2/ERF, WRKY, and orange proteins can be involved in the regulation of carotenoid metabolism. And many more regulators, regulatory networks, and mechanisms need to be explored. Our paper will provide a basis for multitarget or multipathway engineering for carotenoid biofortification in plants and algae.