碳纳米点(CNDs)一种迷人的碳基纳米材料(典型尺寸2-10nm)由于其优越的光学性能,高生物相容性,和细胞穿透性,在不同的跨学科领域有巨大的应用。这里,在这篇评论中,我们首先探讨了CNDs在生物医学领域优于其他纳米材料的优势,光电子学,分析传感,和光催化域。从合成开始,表征,和纯化技术,我们甚至解决了围绕CND的基本问题,如发射起源和依赖于激发的行为。然后我们探索它们应用的最新进展,专注于生物/生物医学用途,如特定的细胞器生物成像,药物/基因递送,生物传感,和光热疗法。在光电子中,我们涵盖了基于CND的太阳能电池,钙钛矿太阳能电池,以及它们在LED和WLED中的作用。分析传感应用包括金属检测,危险化学品,和蛋白质。在催化中,我们研究在光催化中的作用,减少CO2,水分裂,立体定向合成,和污染物降解。有了这篇评论,我们打算进一步激发对CND和基于CND的复合材料的兴趣,强调它们在广泛的应用中的许多好处。
Carbon nanodots (CNDs), a fascinating carbon-based nanomaterial (typical size 2-10 nm) owing to their superior optical properties, high biocompatibility, and cell penetrability, have tremendous applications in different interdisciplinary fields. Here, in this Review, we first explore the superiority of CNDs over other nanomaterials in the biomedical, optoelectronics, analytical sensing, and photocatalysis domains. Beginning with synthesis, characterization, and purification techniques, we even address fundamental questions surrounding CNDs such as emission origin and excitation-dependent behavior. Then we explore recent advancements in their applications, focusing on biological/biomedical uses like specific organelle bioimaging, drug/gene delivery, biosensing, and photothermal therapy. In optoelectronics, we cover CND-based solar cells, perovskite solar cells, and their role in LEDs and WLEDs. Analytical sensing applications include the detection of metals, hazardous chemicals, and proteins. In catalysis, we examine roles in photocatalysis, CO2 reduction, water splitting, stereospecific synthesis, and pollutant degradation. With this Review, we intend to further spark interest in CNDs and CND-based composites by highlighting their many benefits across a wide range of applications.