中草药已被用作饲料添加剂,通常用于国内集约化畜牧业。然而,它们对肉鸡饲养员生产性能和肠道健康的影响还有待彻底探索。本研究旨在评估中草药混合物(CHM)在生殖激素方面对肉鸡生产性能的影响。抗氧化能力,豁免权,和肉鸡饲养员的肠道健康。将总共336只30周龄母鸡随机分配给4组,每组6只,每组14只母鸡,饲喂补充0(CON)的基础饮食,500(CHM500),1,000(CHM1000),和1,500(CHM1500)mg/kgCHM,持续56天,分别。结果表明,饲粮添加CHM1000可提高产蛋率和SYF数量,降低饲料转化率(P<0.05)。所有CHM组输卵管和卵巢指数增加,血清E2和T-AOC水平,血清TG和MDA水平较CON降低(P<0.05)。与CON组相比,CHM1000和CHM1500组血清ALB升高,IgM,和IL-10水平,而CHM1000组血清TP和SOD水平也升高,CHM1500组血清P升高,TNF-α降低(P<0.05)。添加CHM会增加卵巢中FSHR的表达,空肠中的Claudin-1表达,和SOD1在肝脏和卵巢中的表达,但降低了卵巢中INH的mRNA表达以及空肠中IL-2和IL-6的表达(P<0.05)。此外,CHM500和CHM1000组增加了CAT,GPx,和HO-1在卵巢中的表达,空肠中SOD1和GPx的表达,空肠IL-17A表达降低(P<0.05)。此外,CHM1000和CHM1500组增加绒毛高度,VCR,Nrf2、HO-1、Occludin的mRNA表达,和MUC2在空肠,和IL-10在卵巢中的表达,同时降低IL-2和IL-17A在卵巢中的表达,除了增加GPx,Nrf2、HO-1、NQO1和IL-10在肝脏中表达(P<0.05)。补充CHM1000增加了ESR-α,ESR-β,GnRH,Nrf2和NQO1在卵巢中的表达,但降低了IFN-γ在卵巢中的表达以及空肠隐窝深度(P<0.05)。补充CHM1500可增加NQO1和ZO-1在空肠中的表达,降低IL-2在肝脏中的表达(P<0.05)。高通量测序结果表明,膳食补充CHM1000改变了肠道菌群的组成,乳杆菌属的调节证明了这一点,粪杆菌,和结核分枝杆菌。PICRUSt分析揭示了细菌趋化性的代谢途径,丁酸代谢,CHM1000组富集了酮体的合成和降解。Spearman相关分析表明,分化属与生产性能显著相关,血清激素,和肠道屏障相关基因。一起来看,补充CHM,特别是在1000毫克/千克时,可以通过调节生殖激素来提高生产性能,抗氧化能力,豁免权,和肉鸡饲养者的肠道健康,并可能为其作为一种潜在的饲料添加剂的应用提供见解,以提高肉鸡育种者的性能。
Chinese herbs have been used as feed additives and are commonly utilized in domestic intensive livestock farming. However, their impact on the production performance and intestinal health of broiler breeders has yet to be thoroughly explored. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a Chinese herbal mixture (CHM) on the production performance of broiler breeders in terms of reproductive hormones, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and intestinal health of broiler breeders. A total of 336 thirty-wk-old hens were randomly allotted to 4 groups with 6 replicates of fourteen hens each, which fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (CON), 500 (CHM500), 1,000 (CHM1000), and 1,500 (CHM1500) mg/kg CHM for 56 days, respectively. Our results showed that dietary supplementation with CHM1000 increased the laying rate and number of SYF and decreased the feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). All CHM groups increased oviduct and ovarian indexes, serum E2 and T-AOC levels, and decreased serum TG and MDA levels compared with CON (P < 0.05). In comparison to the CON group, the CHM1000 and CHM1500 groups increased serum ALB, IgM, and IL-10 levels, whereas the CHM1000 group also increased serum TP and SOD levels, and the CHM1500 group increased serum P and decreased serum TNF-α (P < 0.05). The addition of CHM increased FSHR expressions in the ovary, Claudin-1 expressions in the jejunum, and SOD1 expressions in the liver and ovary, but decreased the mRNA expressions of INH in the ovary as well as IL-2 and IL-6 expressions in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Moreover, CHM500 and CHM1000 groups increased CAT, GPx, and HO-1 expression in the ovary, and SOD1 and GPx expression in the jejunum, while decreasing IL-17A expression in the jejunum (P < 0.05). In addition, CHM1000 and CHM1500 groups increased villus height, VCR, and the mRNA expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, Occludin, and MUC2 in the jejunum, and IL-10 expression in the ovary, while decreasing IL-2 and IL-17A expression in the ovary, in addition to increasing GPx, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, and IL-10 expression in the liver (P < 0.05). Supplementation with CHM1000 increased ESR-α, ESR-β, GnRH, Nrf2, and NQO1 expression in the ovary, but decreased IFN-γ expression in the ovary as well as crypt depth in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Supplementing CHM1500 increased NQO1 and ZO-1 expression in the jejunum and decreased IL-2 in the liver (P < 0.05). The high-throughput sequencing results showed that dietary CHM1000 supplementation altered the composition of the intestinal microbiota, as evidenced by the regulation of the genera Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium. PICRUSt analysis revealed that metabolic pathways of bacterial chemotaxis, butanoate metabolism, and synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies were enriched in the CHM1000 group. Spearman\'s correlation analysis indicated that the differentiated genera were significantly associated with the production performance, serum hormone, and gut barrier-related genes. Taken together, supplementation of CHM, especially at 1,000 mg/kg, could improve production performance by regulating reproductive hormones, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and intestinal health of broiler breeders, and maybe provide insights into its application as a potential feed additive to promote the performance of broiler breeders.