本文重点介绍了通过3D生物打印技术在活组织类似物的生物制造领域中组织工程的积极发展。如果没有生物墨水及其基本成分等重要产品,后者的实施是不可能的,即,水凝胶。在这方面,组织工程师正在寻找生物材料,以生产具有特定物理特性的水凝胶,机械和化学性质,以及植入生物体后的局部生物学效应。这样的效果之一是通过形成生物材料基础的结构组分提供生理修复再生的最佳条件。因此,在组织工程和生物打印中,对生物材料的蛋白质成分进行定性评估是一项重要任务。对于预测打印构建体的行为很重要,因为它们逐渐吸收,然后由于新的细胞外基质的形成而导致组织再生。在生产水凝胶和基于它们的生物墨水中具有巨大潜力的最有前途的天然生物材料之一是同种异体来源的聚合物胶原蛋白,在维持细胞外基质的结构和生物完整性方面发挥着重要作用,以及组织的形态发生和细胞代谢,给他们所需的机械和生化特性。在组织工程中,胶原蛋白由于其可用性而被广泛用作基本生物材料,生物相容性和与其他材料的轻松结合。该手稿介绍了由注册的Lyoplast®生物植入物(同种异体人类骨组织)产生的冻干水凝胶的质谱分析(蛋白质组学测定)的主要结果,这在生物技术领域很有前途。所研究的冻干水凝胶样品的蛋白质组学分析显示存在结构蛋白(I型的六种主要胶原纤维,II,IV,IX,二十七、二十八被确定),细胞外基质蛋白,和mRNA稳定蛋白,参与转录的调节,以及介导再生激活的诱导蛋白,包括昼夜节律的水平。研究结果提供了一个新的观点,并表明冻干水凝胶作为再生医学中合成和异种材料的有效替代品的巨大潜力,特别是在生物技术领域,作为3D生物打印的生物墨水的基质和含细胞成分。
The current paper highlights the active development of tissue engineering in the field of the biofabrication of living tissue analogues through 3D-bioprinting technology. The implementation of the latter is impossible without important products such as bioinks and their basic components, namely, hydrogels. In this regard, tissue engineers are searching for biomaterials to produce hydrogels with specified properties both in terms of their physical, mechanical and chemical properties and in terms of local biological effects following implantation into an organism. One of such effects is the provision of the optimal conditions for physiological reparative regeneration by the structural components that form the basis of the biomaterial. Therefore, qualitative assessment of the composition of the protein component of a biomaterial is a significant task in tissue engineering and bioprinting. It is important for predicting the behaviour of printed constructs in terms of their gradual resorption followed by tissue regeneration due to the formation of a new extracellular matrix. One of the most promising natural biomaterials with significant potential in the production of hydrogels and the bioinks based on them is the polymer collagen of allogeneic origin, which plays an important role in maintaining the structural and biological integrity of the extracellular matrix, as well as in the morphogenesis and cellular metabolism of tissues, giving them the required mechanical and biochemical properties. In tissue engineering, collagen is widely used as a basic biomaterial because of its availability, biocompatibility and facile combination with other materials. This manuscript presents the main results of a mass spectrometry analysis (proteomic assay) of the lyophilized hydrogel produced from the registered Lyoplast® bioimplant (allogeneic human bone tissue), which is promising in the field of biotechnology. Proteomic assays of the investigated lyophilized hydrogel sample showed the presence of structural proteins (six major collagen fibers of types I, II, IV, IX, XXVII, XXVIII were identified), extracellular matrix proteins, and mRNA-stabilizing proteins, which participate in the regulation of transcription, as well as inducer proteins that mediate the activation of regeneration, including the level of circadian rhythm. The research results offer a new perspective and indicate the significant potential of the lyophilized hydrogels as an effective alternative to synthetic and xenogeneic materials in regenerative medicine, particularly in the field of biotechnology, acting as a matrix and cell-containing component of bioinks for 3D bioprinting.