迫切需要加快科学进步的速度,以应对与人类世生物圈相关的许多挑战。因此,关键问题是:科学如何以最快的速度发展到解决大问题,复杂的全球问题?我们认为,生物圈更具预测性的科学发展滞后不仅是因为生物圈复杂得多,或者因为我们没有足够的数据,或者没有做足够的实验,但是,在很大程度上,因为研究界普遍存在的三种主要科学文化之间的紧张关系尚未解决。我们介绍和解释了三种科学文化的概念,并对它们的特征进行了新颖的分析,由示例和这意味着什么和暗示的正式数学定义/表示支持。三种文化起作用,在不同程度上,在所有的科学。然而,在生物科学中,与其他一些科学相反,他们保持相对更分离,他们缺乏整合阻碍了他们潜在的力量和洞察力。我们的解决方案是加速更广泛的,生物圈的预测科学是加强科学文化的融合。融合的过程-科学的跨文化主义-认识到推动跨学科研究,总的来说,只是不够。除非这些科学文化得到正式的赞赏,并将其思想迭代地融入科学发现和进步中,将继续存在许多重大挑战,这些挑战将越来越限制预测和预测工作。
Increasing the speed of scientific progress is urgently needed to address the many challenges associated with the
biosphere in the Anthropocene. Consequently, the critical question becomes: How can science most rapidly progress to address large, complex global problems? We suggest that the lag in the development of a more predictive science of the
biosphere is not only because the
biosphere is so much more complex, or because we do not have enough data, or are not doing enough experiments, but, in large part, because of unresolved tension between the three dominant scientific cultures that pervade the research community. We introduce and explain the concept of the three scientific cultures and present a novel analysis of their characteristics, supported by examples and a formal mathematical definition/representation of what this means and implies. The three cultures operate, to varying degrees, across all of science. However, within the biosciences, and in contrast to some of the other sciences, they remain relatively more separated, and their lack of integration has hindered their potential power and insight. Our solution to accelerating a broader, predictive science of the
biosphere is to enhance integration of scientific cultures. The process of integration-Scientific Transculturalism-recognizes that the push for interdisciplinary research, in general, is just not enough. Unless these cultures of science are formally appreciated and their thinking iteratively integrated into scientific discovery and advancement, there will continue to be numerous significant challenges that will increasingly limit forecasting and prediction efforts.