玉米是主要的粮食作物之一,其仁中含有丰富的淀粉,脂质,蛋白质和其他能量物质。此外,玉米粒还含有许多可能对人体健康有益的微量元素,如维生素,矿物质和其他次生代谢产物。然而,玉米可用于营养改良的基因资源有限。在这次审查中,我们总结了107个与不同植物物种的营养含量相关的基因,并从玉米基因组中鉴定了246个直系同源物。此外,我们构建了246个玉米潜在基因资源的物理图谱并进行了详细的表达模式分析。结合表达谱及其在玉米养分改良中的潜在作用,通过在玉米中编辑或异位表达这些基因的基因工程有望改善抗性淀粉,油,必需氨基酸,维生素,铁,玉米籽粒的锌和花色苷水平。因此,本综述为玉米养分改良提供了有价值的基因资源。
Maize is one of the leading food crops and its kernel is rich in starch, lipids, protein and other energy substances. In addition, maize kernels also contain many trace elements that are potentially beneficial to human health, such as vitamins, minerals and other secondary metabolites. However, gene resources that could be applied for nutrient improvement are limited in maize. In this review, we summarized 107 genes that are associated with nutrient content from different plant species and identified 246 orthologs from the maize genome. In addition, we constructed physical maps and performed a detailed expression pattern analysis for the 246 maize potential gene resources. Combining expression profiles and their potential roles in maize nutrient improvement, genetic engineering by editing or ectopic expression of these genes in maize are expected to improve resistant starch, oil, essential amino acids, vitamins, iron, zinc and anthocyanin levels of maize grains. Thus, this review provides valuable gene resources for maize nutrient improvement.