Abstract：
Exosomes are nanoscale membrane bound vesicles secreted by almost all types of cells. Their unique attributes, such as minimal immunogenicity and compatibility with biological systems, make them novel carriers for drug delivery. These native exosomes harbor proteins, nucleic acids, small molecule compounds, and fluorogenic agents. Moreover, through a combination of chemical and bioengineering methodologies, exosomes are tailored to transport precise therapeutic payloads to designated cells or tissues. In this review, we summarize the strategies for exosome modification and drug loading modalities in engineered exosomes. In addition, we provide an overview of the advances in the use of engineered exosomes for targeted drug delivery. Lastly, we discuss the merits and limitations of chemically engineered versus bioengineered exosome-mediated target therapies. These insights offer additional options for refining engineered exosomes in pharmaceutical development and hold promise for expediting the successful translation of engineered exosomes from the bench to the bedside.
摘要：
外来体是由几乎所有类型的细胞分泌的纳米级膜结合囊泡。它们独特的属性，如最小的免疫原性和与生物系统的兼容性，使它们成为新型的药物输送载体。这些天然的外泌体含有蛋白质，核酸,小分子化合物,和荧光剂。此外，通过化学和生物工程方法的结合，外泌体被定制为将精确的治疗有效载荷运输到指定的细胞或组织。在这次审查中,我们总结了工程外泌体中外泌体修饰和药物装载方式的策略。此外,我们概述了工程化外泌体用于靶向药物递送的研究进展.最后,我们讨论了化学工程与生物工程外泌体介导的靶向治疗的优点和局限性.这些见解为在药物开发中改进工程外泌体提供了额外的选择，并有望加快工程外泌体从工作台到床边的成功翻译。
