胱抑素C,氨,和碳酸氢盐已被描述为人类败血症和炎症的生物标志物。猪的唾液可用于检测广泛的病原体,但也可用于分析许多生物标志物以评估不同的状况,例如压力(即,皮质醇和α淀粉酶),免疫系统(即,ADA,S100蛋白),炎症(即,急性期蛋白),氧化还原状态(即,各种抗氧化剂和氧化剂),和一般代谢或不同器官和组织的状态。然而,对于胱抑素C的可能测量和使用,氨,和唾液中的碳酸氢盐作为猪败血症或炎症的生物标志物。本研究的目的是验证用于测量胱抑素C,氨,还有猪唾液中的碳酸氢盐,具有使用易于收集的非侵入性样品的优点。分析是精确和准确的,唾液样品的推荐储存条件为-80℃。此外,胱抑素和氨在猪链球菌感染的猪的唾液中显示出显着增加,而碳酸氢盐减少。建议进行进一步的研究,以增加有关猪唾液中这三种分析物作为生物标志物的测量的可能潜在应用的知识,以评估动物的健康和福利。
Cystatin C, ammonia, and
bicarbonate have been described to be biomarkers of sepsis and inflammation in humans. The saliva of pigs can be used to detect a wide range of pathogens but also many biomarkers that can be analyzed to evaluate different conditions such as stress (i.e., cortisol and alpha amylase), immune system (i.e., ADA, S100 proteins), inflammation (i.e., acute phase proteins), redox status (i.e., various antioxidants and oxidants), and general metabolism or the status of different organs and tissues. However, there is a lack of assays for the possible measurement and use of cystatin C, ammonia, and
bicarbonate in saliva as biomarkers of sepsis or inflammation in pigs. The objective of this study was to validate commercially available automated assays for the measurement of cystatin C, ammonia, and
bicarbonate in the saliva of pigs, having the advantage of using a noninvasive sample that is easy to collect. The assays were precise and accurate, and the recommended storage condition for the saliva samples was -80 °C. In addition, cystatin and ammonia showed significant increases in the saliva of pigs with S. suis infection, whereas
bicarbonate decreased. Further studies would be recommended to increase knowledge about the possible potential applications of the measurements of these three analytes in the saliva of pigs as biomarkers to evaluate the animals\' health and welfare.