■对身体气味的厌恶敏感性在一系列心理机制中起作用,这些机制被认为是为了避免病原体而进化的。为了评估体臭厌恶的个体差异,我们以前开发了体味厌恶量表(BODS),并用英语进行了验证。BODS提出了六种情况,其中来自内部来源和外部来源的气味可能会引起厌恶。本研究旨在验证意大利人口的BODS,并找到其结构的进一步证据,construct,和标准有效性。
■我们使用了两个大样本(分别为N=1,050,F=527;和N=402,F=203),它们代表了意大利人口的性别和年龄。
■在这两项研究中,我们证实了假设的双因素结构,所有物品都加载到一般的体臭厌恶敏感度上,以及与内部结构相关的两个具体因素。就结构效度而言,我们发现BODS与三域厌恶量表(TDDS)的病原体厌恶敏感性趋同,但与经历负面情绪的一般倾向不同。BODS在预测COVID-19回避行为的行为意图方面表现出标准有效性,尽管与TDDS病原体亚量表相比,它似乎并不逐步有效。我们还建立了关于性别的BODS的标量测量不变性,并发现女性的BODS水平较高。
■意大利版BODS的结果表明其结构,construct,法理学和标准有效性。此外,我们关于厌恶敏感性性别差异的结果与以前的文献一致,我们在跨文化和灵长类动物发现的更广泛背景下讨论它们,这些发现指向这种差异的可能的进化解释。
UNASSIGNED: Disgust sensitivity to body odors plays a role in a set of psychological mechanisms supposedly evolved to avoid pathogens. To assess individual differences in body odor disgust, we previously developed the body odor disgust scale (BODS) and validated it in English. The BODS presents six scenarios where disgust could be evoked by smells coming from an internal source and an external source. The present study aimed to validate the BODS in the Italian population and to find further evidence for its structural, construct, and criterion validity.
UNASSIGNED: We used two large samples (N = 1,050, F = 527; and N = 402, F = 203, respectively) that were representative of the Italian population for sex and age.
UNASSIGNED: Across these two studies, we confirmed the hypothesized bifactor structure, with all the items loading onto a general body odor disgust sensitivity factor, and on two specific factors related to the internal structure. In terms of construct validity, we found that the BODS converged with pathogen disgust sensitivity of the three-domain disgust scale (TDDS) but was distinct from a general propensity to experience negative emotions. The BODS showed criterion validity in predicting the behavioral intentions toward COVID-19 avoidance behavior, although it did not seem to be incrementally valid when compared to the TDDS pathogen subscale. We also established scalar measurement invariance of the BODS regarding gender and found that women display higher levels of BODS.
UNASSIGNED: Results from the Italian version of the BODS indicate its structural, construct, nomological and criterion validity. Furthermore, our result on sex differences in disgust sensitivity are consistent with previous literature, and we discuss them in the broader context of cross-cultural and primate findings that points toward a possible evolutionary explanation of this difference.