背景:最近对美式足球(ASF)运动员的研究提出了有关训练对心血管表型影响的问题,特别是在比赛中主要从事静态运动并表现出同心心脏重塑的巡线球员中,经常被认为适应不良。我们旨在研究ASF球员对赛季间混合团队训练计划的心血管适应。
方法:前瞻性,纵向,队列研究是在蒙特利尔大学的有竞争力的男性ASF球员在赛季间训练前后进行的,持续了7个月。这个方案包括,对于所有玩家来说,结合动态和静态练习。在这两个步骤中均进行了临床和超声心动图检查。使用多参数超声心动图方法评估左心房(LA)和心室(LV)的形态和功能变化(2D和3D回波,多普勒,和斑点跟踪)。进行了双向方差分析以分析时间和场地位置(巡线员与非巡线员)的影响。
结果:包括59名球员(20名巡线员和39名非巡线员)。在基线,巡线员血压较高(65%为高血压前期,10%为高血压),较厚的低压壁,左心室收缩和舒张功能降低,LA-水库和导管功能低于非线路。培训后,巡线员体重显著降低(Δ-3.4%,P<0.001)和收缩压(Δ-4.5%,P<0.001),而非巡线员保持体重并显着增加收缩压(Δ4.2%,P=0.037)和舒张压(Δ+16%,P<0.001)血压)。混合训练与2D-LA体积的显著增加相关(P<0.001),3D-LV舒张末期容积(P<0.001),3D-LV质量(P<0.001),和左心室收缩功能的改善,独立于现场位置。非线路人员以更同心的方式重塑了LV,并显示出LV舒张和LA储层功能的降低。
结论:我们的研究强调了场位对大学级ASF运动员心血管适应的影响,并强调了季际训练调节心血管危险因素的潜力,尤其是在前锋中。
BACKGROUND: Recent studies on American-style football (ASF) athletes raised questions about the impact of training on the cardiovascular phenotype, particularly among linemen players who engage mostly in static exercise during competition and who exhibit concentric cardiac remodeling, often considered maladaptive. We aimed to examine the cardiovascular adaptation to the inter-season mixed-team training program among ASF players.
METHODS: A prospective, longitudinal, cohort study was conducted among competitive male ASF players from the University of Montreal before and after an inter-season training, which lasted 7 months. This program includes, for all players, combined dynamic and static exercises. Clinical and echocardiographic examinations were performed at both steps. Left atrial (LA) and ventricular (LV) morphological and functional changes were assessed using a multiparametric echocardiographic approach (2D and 3D-echo, Doppler, and speckle tracking). Two-way ANOVA was performed to analyze the impacts of time and field position (linemen versus non-linemen).
RESULTS: Fifty-nine players (20 linemen and 39 non-linemen) were included. At baseline, linemen had higher blood pressure (65% were prehypertensive and 10% were hypertensive), thicker LV walls, lower LV systolic and diastolic functions, lower LA-reservoir and conduit functions than non-linemen. After training, linemen significantly reduced weight (Δ-3.4%, P < 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (Δ-4.5%, P < 0.001), whereas non-linemen maintained their weight and significantly increased their systolic (Δ+4.2%, P = 0.037) and diastolic (Δ+16%, P < 0.001) blood pressure ). Mixed training was associated with significant increases in 2D-LA volume (P < 0.001), 3D-LV end-diastolic volume (P < 0.001), 3D-LV mass (P < 0.001), and an improvement in LV systolic function, independently of the field position. Non-linemen remodeled their LV in a more concentric fashion and showed reductions in LV diastolic and LA reservoir functions.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study underscored the influence of field position on cardiovascular adaptation among university-level ASF players, and emphasized the potential of inter-season training to modulate cardiovascular risk factors, particularly among linemen.