背景:2022年,近2.81亿人生活在国外,超过1亿人因战争冲突和侵犯人权而流离失所。一些处境不利的移民的传染病疫苗接种覆盖率可能低于接受国人口,因此,血清阳性率研究和更好的疫苗接种可能有助于减少这些差异.
方法:进行了一项描述性回顾性横断面研究,包括移民,在接受国居住≤5年,年龄≥16岁,他要求在1月1日之前进行体检,2020年1月31日,2021年。进行血清阳性率评估,接种疫苗给那些对乙型肝炎没有免疫力的人,甲型肝炎,水痘,麻疹,腮腺炎,还有风疹.
结果:在研究期间共有315名移民参加了研究。麻疹到达时的免疫保护为252/296(85.1%),274/295(92.9%)风疹,腮腺炎257/296(86.8%),264/295(89.5%)水痘,甲型肝炎267/313(85.3%),和104/300(34.6%)的乙肝疫苗接种计划后的最终免疫保护是278/296(93.9%)的麻疹,287/295(97.3%)风疹,274/296(92.6%)用于腮腺炎,276/295(93.6%)水痘,甲型肝炎280/313(89.5%),和139/300(46.3%)的乙型肝炎
结论:疫苗接种干预措施提高了我们中心参加的移民对研究疾病的免疫力,然而,应保持这种干预措施,以达到当地人群的免疫水平。此外,庇护所和参考专业卫生中心之间的合作对于实施此类疫苗接种计划至关重要。
BACKGROUND: Almost 281 million people were living in a foreign country in 2022, and more than 100 million were displaced because of war conflicts and human right violations. Vaccination coverage of infectious diseases in migrants from some disadvantaged settings could be lower than reception countries populations, consequently seroprevalence studies and better access to vaccination could contribute to reducing these differences.
METHODS: A descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted including migrants, living ≤5 years in the reception country and ≥16 years old, who requested a medical exam between January 1st, 2020 and January 31st, 2021. Seroprevalence assessment was performed, and vaccination was offered to those individuals without immunity to hepatitis B, hepatitis A, varicella, measles, mumps, and rubella.
RESULTS: A total of 315 migrants were attended during the study period. Immunity protection at arrival was 252/296 (85.1%) for measles, 274/295 (92.9%) for rubella, 257/296 (86.8%) for mumps, 264/295 (89.5%) for varicella, 267/313 (85.3%) for hepatitis A, and 104/300 (34.6%) for hepatitis B. The final immunity protection after full vaccination schedules was 278/296 (93.9%) for measles, 287/295 (97.3%) for rubella, 274/296 (92.6%) for mumps, 276/295 (93.6%) for varicella, 280/313 (89.5%) for hepatitis A, and 139/300 (46.3%) for hepatitis B.
CONCLUSIONS: The vaccination intervention has increased immunity rates for the studied diseases in the attended migrants in our center, however, such interventions should be maintained to reach local population immunization levels. Moreover, the collaboration between shelter and reference specialized health centers is fundamental to implement such vaccination programs.