星形胶质细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡(ADEs)允许在体内探测星形胶质细胞的炎症状态实用。血清样本和ADE用于测试70例重度抑郁症(MDD)患者和70例匹配的健康对照(HC)的炎症假设。在血清中,肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素(IL)-17A显著升高,与HC相比,MDD患者的IL-12p70显着降低。在ADE中,所有炎症标志物(干扰素-γ,IL-12p70,IL-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,TNF-α,和IL-17A),除了IL-10在MDD患者中显著增加,升高的炎症标志物的Hedge\sg值在0.48-1.07之间变化。然而,在无MDD药物和有药物治疗的亚组之间,血清或ADE中的所有炎症标志物均无差异.在HC和MDD患者中,经过多重比较校正后,ADE和血清之间的炎症生物标志物的关联均未达到统计学意义。MDD患者炎症因子与临床特征的Spearman系数,如发病年龄,病程,当前情节持续时间,和抑郁症的严重程度,在多重比较校正后无显著意义。在接收机工作特性曲线分析中,ADE中每种炎症标志物的校正部分曲线下面积(pAUC)范围为0.522至0.696,这些炎症因子的组合达到较高的pAUC(>0.9)。我们的发现支持抑郁症的炎性神经胶质假说,并表明在人类中,ADE可能是探测体内星形胶质细胞状态的有用工具。
Astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (ADEs) allow the in vivo probing of the inflammatory status of astrocytes practical. Serum sample and ADEs were used to test the inflammatory hypothesis in 70 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 70 matched healthy controls (HCs). In serum, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-17A were significantly increased, where as IL-12p70 was significantly reduced in the MDD patients compared with HCs. In ADEs, all inflammatory markers (Interferon-γ, IL-12p70, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17A) except IL-10 were significantly increased in the MDD patients, the Hedge\'s g values of elevated inflammatory markers varied from 0.48 to 1.07. However, there were no differences of all inflammatory markers whether in serum or ADEs between MDD-drug free and medicated subgroups. The association of inflammatory biomarkers between ADEs and serum did not reach statistically significance after multi-comparison correction neither in the HCs nor MDD patients. The spearman coefficients between inflammatory factors and clinical characteristics in the MDD patients, such as onset age, disease course, current episode duration, and severity of depression, were nonsignificant after multi-comparison correction. In the receiver operating characteristic curves analysis, the corrected partial area under the curve (pAUC) of each inflammatory markers in ADEs ranged from 0.522 to 0.696, and the combination of these inflammatory factors achieved a high pAUC (>0.9). Our findings support the inflammatory glial hypothesis of depression, and suggests that in human ADEs could be a useful tool to probe the in vivo astrocyte status.