Tuberculosis is a serious contagious disease mainly affecting the lungs and is common in the developing countries. The essential component of all antitubercular regimens include Isoniazid, pyrazinamide as first-line drugs. A serious cutaneous adverse drug reaction namely exfoliative dermatitis (erythroderma) is associated with isoniazid use though uncommon but is common among pyrazinamide users. Here we report 3 cases of tuberculosis patients on antitubercular therapy (ATT) for 8 weeks, came to hospital OP (outpatient) with severe generalized redness and scaling with itching distributed all over the body and trunk. Immediately ATT was discontinued and all the three patients were administered antihistaminic and corticosteroid. The patients recovered within 3 weeks. To confirm ATT induced erythroderma and narrow down the offending agents, sequential rechallenge with ATT was done and again these patients had similar lesions erupt all over the body only with isoniazid and pyrazinamide. Antihistamine, steroids were started and the symptoms resolved and completely recovered within 3 weeks. Prompt withdrawal of the culprit drug along with appropriate medications and supportive measures is necessary for good prognosis. Physicians must be judicious while prescribing ATT especially, isoniazid and pyrazinamide as these can precipitate fatal cutaneous adverse reactions. Strict vigilance may help in early detection of this type ADR and timely management.

Genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB), the second most frequent type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in endemic regions, was initially described by Wildbolz in 1973. The prostate and epididymis are the first sites of male genital tuberculosis, followed by the seminal vesicles and the testicles. Here, we describe a case of a 65-year-old male who presented with obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) for the previous six weeks. The digital rectal examination revealed prostatic enlargement with a firm and nodular surface. A high prostate-specific antigen level (88 ng/ml) was found in serum analysis. There was a suspicion of prostate cancer on the basis of clinical, radiological, and serological examination. In view of the suspicion of carcinoma, a prostate biopsy was performed, which revealed the proliferation of prostatic glandular and stromal elements with interspersed granulomas, necrosis, and aggregates of mature lymphoid cells. The histopathology findings were indicative of benign prostatic hyperplasia with granulomatous prostatitis. Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain was negative for acid-fast bacilli. The cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was ordered on the prostate biopsy tissue bits, which showed positive results. On the basis of histopathology and nucleic acid amplification test, the diagnosis of prostate tuberculosis was considered. There are no specific clinical and radiological findings related to prostate tuberculosis; hence, the diagnosis can be established only after histopathological examination and tissue-based cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for tuberculosis, especially in patients from endemic countries who present with symptoms of the lower urinary tract, especially if there is granulomatous inflammation coupled with necrosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne illness that induces systemic inflammation. It often affects the lungs causing cough, fever, and chest pain. A commonly associated comorbid condition in TB is anemia. This review article has summarized various studies with an aim to gain a better understanding of pathogenesis and the role of cytokines that contribute to the development of anemia in TB. The study has gathered risk factors that enhance the likelihood of TB patients acquiring anemia. It has reviewed therapeutic modalities such as antitubercular therapy and iron therapy in an attempt to find which of them are effective in reducing the severity of anemia. This review article has also emphasized the importance of measuring hepcidin and ferritin and has touched upon the investigations that can be easily implemented.

The developing countries are having a number of public health issues. The situation in these resource-limited countries is scary due to the huge burden of infectious diseases like tuberculosis (TB). The latest reports from the WHO shows a high number of drug resistant cases even in the pediatric age groups. Also, the lack of suspicion of drug resistant TB (DR-TB) in the pediatric cases, especially in the absence of a past or family history may lead to delay in diagnosis and flaring-up of the disease. We herein present the very first case of the primary multidrug-resistant TB in an HIV negative child who presented with the left sided pleural effusion.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical spectrum and outcome of patients with presumed tubercular uveitis and choroidal involvement.
METHODS: A retrospective case series nested in a cohort study was enrolled at a tertiary referral eye care center in the UK. Failure was defined as recurrence of lesion within 6 months of completion of antitubercular therapy (ATT) or corticosteroid therapy.
RESULTS: Seventy-seven patients with presumed ocular tuberculosis and choroidal involvement were included in the study. Mean age was 45.5 ± 15.7 years, 44 (57.1%) patients were male, and 51 (66.2%) presented with bilateral disease. Choroidal granuloma was the most frequent clinical presentation (n = 27, 35.07%), followed by multifocal choroiditis (n = 24, 31.17%) and serpiginous-like choroiditis (n = 18, 23.38%). Quantiferon Gold in Tube Test (QFT) was positive in 64 (83.11%) patients. Fifty (64.94%) patients received ATT.
CONCLUSIONS: Choroidal involvement in presumed ocular tuberculosis can present with a variable spectrum. Treatment failure rates were equivalent between ATT and non-ATT treated groups.